g France Flashcards
Study France for CWE
List the 8 Regions of France
Clockwise: Bordeaux Loire Valley Champagne Alsace Burgundy (with Chablis) Beaujolais Rhone Valley Provence Languedoc–Roussillon
In the 12th century, Bordeaux was brought to England by ____ when ____
Eleanor of Aquitaine
she married Henry II
Two French monasteries most famous for innovating and enhancing wine are ___ and ___ in ___
Benedictine
Cisterianin
in Burgundy and Champagne
French monks in the 5th century took a ___ approach to wine
scientific
English scientist in the 17th century who made sparkling wines possible was ___
Christopher Merret
The region with France’s longest history of viticulture is ___
the South of France
Christopher Merret invented ___ and ___
glass bottle that can handle pressure
technique for creating the 2nd fermentation in the bottle
The first region in France to develop regulations was ___ in ___
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
The French region that makes Gewürztraminer and Riesling is ___
Alsace
The French region that uses varietal labeling on top–tier wines is ___
Alsace
What was the first protected appellation in France?
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
What are on the 5 sides of France?
West – Atlantic Ocean and English Channel North – Low–lying terrain of Belgium/Lux East – Alps of Germany and Switzerland South – Ionian Sea Southwest – Pyrenees and Spain
The central highlands of France is called ___
Massif Central
Massif Central
the central highlands of France
Name 8 Rivers of France
Loire Garonee: Dordogne – Gironde Rhone Rhine Saone Seine
The South of France has a ___ climate
Mediterranean
The South of France has ___ % of the vineyards of France
50%
Western France has a ___ climate
Maritime
Central and NE France have a ___ climate
Continental
The two major geographic features of Alsace are the ___ and the ___
Vosages mtns to the west
Rhine River to the east
Alsace has a rain shield created by the ___
Vosages mountains
The Vosages Mountains make Alsace’s climate ___ and ___
dryer
warmer
A Maritime Climate is generally ___ with ___
milder
chilly breezes from an ocean
A Maritime Climate has more ___ and ___
rain
humidity
A Maritime Climate has ___ summers and ___ winters
Cool summers
Cold winters
A Mediterranean Climate is influenced by ___
air currents
A Mediterranean Climate generally is __ with ___ in winter
warmer with rain in winter
A Mediterranean Climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Dry hot summers
Cool wet winters
A Continental climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Cool summers
Cold winters
Where are most vineyards located when the region has a Continental climate?
In river valleys (e.g. Loire Valley of France) to provide protection and funnel milder weather in from the coast
A Continental climate is cool so typically wines are __ acid, ___ body and ___ alcohol
High acid
Light–med body
Low alcohol
3 typical grapes from a Continental climate are ___, ___ and ___
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc
The climate of Bordeaux is ___
Maritime
The climate in the South of France is ___
Mediterranean
The five regions in southern France, west to east are ___,___,___,___ and ___
Roussillon Languedoc Rhone Provence Corsica
The wines from southern France are very ___ World.
New
Western France tends to have a ____ climate.
Maritime
Bordeaux can make full-bodied wines in a maritime climate because it typically has ___
higher temperatures
Bordeaux reds have __ body and __ acid
full
high
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms by the ___
Vosges Mountains
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms so the grapes ___ and wines can be high in __
ripen more
alcohol
The major city in Bordeaux is ___
Bordeaux
The major city in western Loire Valley is ___
Nantes
The city of Nantes is in ____
Pais Nantes in western Loire Valley
The major city in Champagne is ___
Reims
The city of Reims is in ____
Champagne
The major city in northern Alsace is ___
Strasbourg
The city of Strasbourg is in ____
northern Alsace
The major city on the opposite shore of the Rhone river from Burgundy is ___
Lyon
The city of Lyon is near ____
Burgundy
The major city just east of Provence is ___
Nice
Nice is near the region of ____
Provence
The major city in western Provence is ___
Marseille
Marseille is in ____
western Provence
The major city between Languedoc-Roussillon and Bordeaux is ___
Toulouse
Toulouse is between the regions of ____ and ___
Languedoc-Roussillon
Bordeaux
France’s most planted white is ___
Ugni Blanc
Ugni Blanc aka ___
Trebbiano
Ugni Blanc is used to make ___
brandy (Cognac, Armagnac)
France’s third most planted grape is ___
Ugni Blanc
The white grape of Burgundy is ___
Chardonnay
The white grape of Champagne is ___
Chardonnay
The 2 white grapes of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
The white grape of eastern Loire Valley is ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Melon de Bourgogne is grown in ___
western Loire Valley
The white grape grown exclusively in western Loire Valley is ___
Melon de Bourgogne
In France, Semillon is used to make sweet wines in __ and ___
Bordeaux
southwest France
The grape used to make sweet wines in Bordeaux is ___
Semillon
True or False
The region with the most Chardonnay is Champagne.
False
The region with the most Chardonnay is L-R
Chenin Blanc is used to make __ wines.
a wide range of styles
In France, Chenin Blanc is grown in the regions of ___ and ___
Anjou-Saumur
Touraine
In France, Muscat is grown mostly in ___
South of France
In France, Muscat is mainly used to make __
vins doux naturels (fortified wines)
7 White grapes of France and their main regions
U Can See Some Monte Carlo Money Ugni Blanc – everywhere Chardonnay – Burgundy & Champagne Sauvignon Blanc – Bordeaux, Loire Valley Semillon – Bordeaux and Southwest Melon de Bourgogne – Western Loire Valley Chenin Blanc – Central Loire Valley Muscat – South of France
11 Red Grapes of France and their regions
My 2 Cabs Gross So Phew Coins, Guests Can Push More Merlot – Bordeaux Cab Sauvignon - Bordeaux Cab Franc – LV and Bordeaux Grenache – Rhone Syrah – North Rhone and L-R Pinot Noir – Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, east LV Carignan – South of France Gamay – Beaujolais Cinsaut – South of France Pinot Meunier – Champagne Mourvedre – L-R, Provence
France’s most planted grape is the ___
Merlot
Merlot covers ___ acres in Bordeaux
170,000
In France, Cabernet Sauvignon is closely associated with the region of __
Bordeaux
More than half of France’s Cab Sauv is grown in ___
Bordeaux
Bordeaux grows approx ___% of Frances Cab Sauv
50%
The 3 reds most associated with Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
The red associated with the Loire Valley is ___
Cab Franc
The 3 reds associated with Rhone are ___, ___ and ___
Grenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
The red associated with the Burgundy is ___
Pinot Noir
The 2 reds associated with the Champagne are ___
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
The red associated with the Beaujolais is ___
Gamay
The 5 reds associated with South of France/ L-R are ___, ___ and ___
Carignan Cinsaut Grenache Syrah Mourvedre
The red associated with L-R and Provence is __
Mourvèdre
Grenache requires a ___ climate
warm
True or False:
Bordeaux grows approx 50% of the Cabernet Sauvignon in France
TRUE
What is the most planted grape in France?
Merlot
True or False
France was the first country with a national system for protecting and restricting the use of place–names for wine
TRUE
France’s administrator of the wine laws is the ___
Institut National de l’Origine (INAO)
In France, the Institut National de l’Origine is the ___
Administrator of France’s wine laws.
What are the four items controlled by France’s wine laws?
Geographic boundaries
Grape varieties
Mandated procedures
Prohibited procedures
The three (4) levels of French wine designations, starting with the highest are ___, ___ and ___
AOC
(VDQS)
Vin de Pays or IGP
Vin de Table or Vin de France
Vin de Table is the ___ designation for French wine.
lowest
Vin de Table is restricted to being made in ___
anywhere in France
Vin de Table has restrictions on ___
Only health
safety
commercial
Vin de Table makes up about ___ of French wines
1/8
Vin de Table is intended to be consumed ___
locally
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is the ___ designation of France’s wines
middle
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) was formerly called ___
Vin de Pays (country wine)
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PGI
For IGP, percentage that must be from the region is ___%
85%
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) has __ major regions and ___ smaller regions.
6 major regions
152 smaller regions
The 6 largest IGPs are ___
IGP des Vignobles IGP de Pays d'Oc Val de Loire Comtés Rhodaniens Méditerranée Comté Tolosan
IGP des Vignobles is the French IGP region covering ___
almost all of France
IGP de Pays d’Oc is the French IGP region covering ___
the western Mediterranean coast
Val de Loire is the French IGP region covering ___
the Loire Valley
Comtés Rhodaniens is the French IGP region covering ___
northern Rhone, Jura and Savoie
Méditerranée is the French IGP region covering ___
southeastern France
Comté Tolosan is the French IGP region covering ___
southwest France
The number of IGPs in France that are departmental is __
52
The number of IGPs in France that are small historical/geographic areas is __
90+
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PDO
The number of Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is ___
300+ AOCs
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) makes up __% of French wine.
50% of French wine
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée translates as __
“Name of Controlled Origin”
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée can be shortened to __
Appellation Contrôlée (AC)
List the 5 nesting levels of AOCs.
Large IGP Large AOC medium AOC small appellation single-vineyard
True or False
AOCs must be separate and distinct areas
False
They must be distinct but do not have to be separate. They can be nested
The Bordeaux region is located in ___
Southwestern France
The Bordeaux region has a ___ climate.
Maritime climate
The Bordeaux region has high quality reflected by the fact that is has __% of France’s AOCs.
25%
The Bordeaux region produces a ___ quantity of wine, approx __ cases.
Large quantity
61 million cases
The Bordeaux region is the ___ largest producer in the world.
12th
The Bordeaux region’s output is ___% red
98%
The Bordeaux region produces __ reds and ___ whites
long-lived, high quality
luscious dessert
The 2 rivers of Bordeaux are __ and ___ which combine onto the ___
Garonne
Dirdogne
Gironde
The maritime climate of Bordeaux is tempered by __
the Landes Forest on the west coast.
The three sections of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Left bank
Right Bank
Entre–Deux–Mers
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is located ___
West of the Garonne and Gironde rivers
The city of Bordeaux is located in the ___
Left Bank
The Left Bank of Bordeaux has 2 regions: ___ and ___
Medoc
Graves
Medoc is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
north
Graves is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
south
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is famous for growing ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
The white varieties from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
The whites from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are typically grown in __
Graves
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is located __
East and North of the Dordogne and Gironde
The Right Bank of Bordeaux includes the city of ___
Libourne
Libourne is located in the ___
Right Bank of Bordeaux
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is known for growing ___
Merlot
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is located ___
Between the Garonne and Dordogne rivers
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is considered to have less flavor because it has ___
more fertile soil
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux produces __ whites from ___ and ___
Dry white
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Entre–Deux–Mers’ red grape is ___
Merlot
The most planted grape in Bordeaux is ___
Merlot
The 3 main reds of Bordeaux and their regions are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot - Right Bank, E-D-M
Cab Sauvignon – Left Bank
Cabernet Franc – Left Bank, Right Bank
The 3 minor reds of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenére
The 3 major whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
Muscadelle is blended to add ___
floral notes
The 3 minor whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and___
Colombard
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc (rare)
Claret
British for Bordeaux blends
The 5 Bordeaux Styles are __
Basic Red (EDM, Merlot) Right Bank reds (St. E, Merlot) Left bank reds (Médoc, Cab) Dry White (Graves, Sauv Blanc) Sweet white (Sauternes, Semillon)
The region of Bordeaux that is considered the highest quality is the ___
Left Bank
Basic Bordeaux red is made from ___ in ___
Merlot
EDM
Basic Bordeaux red is typically not complex so it is not ___
ageable
Right Bank reds typically consist of ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
Right Bank reds typically are a majority of ___
Merlot
The most famous Right Bank red is from ___
St.-émilion
The Right Bank reds are usually not as ____ as the Left Bank reds
firmly structured / tannic
The Right Bank reds are ____ and can age for years
tannic
Left Bank reds are a majority of ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
The world’s finest Cabernet Sauvignon are from __
the Left Bank of Bordeaux
The most famous Left Bank wine is from ___
Médoc
Left Bank reds almost always need ___
aging
The primary red in Right Bank blends is __
Merlot
Bordeaux dry white is made from a blend of __ and __
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Bordeaux dry whites tend to be __ in acid
high
Bordeaux dry whites are mostly from the region of ___
EDM
A small amount of Bordeaux dry whites come from ___
Pessac–Léognan in Graves
True or False
A Bordeaux dry white can have some oak
TRUE
Bordeaux sweet whites are made in __ on __
Sauternes
the Left Bank
Bordeaux sweet whites are made from ___ and___
Semillon
Sauv Blanc
Bordeaux sweet white are usually sweet because of ___
Botrytis
How many AOC appellations does Bordeaux have?
60
True or False
Different styles within a Bordeaux AOC are counted as separate appellations.
TRUE
The three largest Bordeaux AOCs are ___, ___ and ___
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
The Bordeaux AOC covers ___
the entire Bordeaux region
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC covers __
the entire Bordeaux region, like the Bordeaux AOC but has tighter restrictions
Crémant de Bordeaux AOC covers ___
sparkling wines in Bordeaux
The largest Bordeaux region is ___
Bordeaux AOC
The Bordeaux AOC allows the making of ___
red, white and rosé
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC has tighter restrictions than Bordeaux AOC on ___, ___ and___
Lower yields minimum ripeness minimum alcohol (+0.5%)
Which 3 regions account for 55% of Bordeaux’s production”
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux AOC, Bordeaux Supérieur AOC and Crémant de Bordeaux AOC are usually used when the wines come from ___
an area that does not qualify for a higher appellation.
Red grapes from E-D-M are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
White grapes from Medoc are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
A new region that recently split off from Graves is ___
Pessac–Léognan
Sauternes is a sub-region in ___
Graves
Sauternes is famous for ___ wines from ___ and___
sweet botrytis wines
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Bordeaux Appellation that combines four non–contiguous regions
Cotes de Bordeaux
Cotes de Bordeaux combines ___, ___, ___ and ___
Côtes de Francs
Côtes de Castillon
Premières Côtes de Blaye
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux (Cadillac)
Cotes de Bordeaux combines four non–contiguous regions so they can __
have ‘Bordeaux’ in their name.
8 Left Bank – Medoc AOCs
N-S Medoc Haut–Medoc St Estèphe Paullic St Julien Listrac–Moulis MargauxMighty Hercules Eats Peanut butter and Jelly Lunches on Mondays
The four most esteemed AOCs of the Médoc region are ___, ___, ___ and ___
St Estèphe
Paullic
St Julien
Margaux
True or False
All AOCs in Bordeaux’s Left Bank– Medoc AOC are for red wines
TRUE
