g France Flashcards
Study France for CWE
List the 8 Regions of France
Clockwise: Bordeaux Loire Valley Champagne Alsace Burgundy (with Chablis) Beaujolais Rhone Valley Provence Languedoc–Roussillon
In the 12th century, Bordeaux was brought to England by ____ when ____
Eleanor of Aquitaine
she married Henry II
Two French monasteries most famous for innovating and enhancing wine are ___ and ___ in ___
Benedictine
Cisterianin
in Burgundy and Champagne
French monks in the 5th century took a ___ approach to wine
scientific
English scientist in the 17th century who made sparkling wines possible was ___
Christopher Merret
The region with France’s longest history of viticulture is ___
the South of France
Christopher Merret invented ___ and ___
glass bottle that can handle pressure
technique for creating the 2nd fermentation in the bottle
The first region in France to develop regulations was ___ in ___
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
The French region that makes Gewürztraminer and Riesling is ___
Alsace
The French region that uses varietal labeling on top–tier wines is ___
Alsace
What was the first protected appellation in France?
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
What are on the 5 sides of France?
West – Atlantic Ocean and English Channel North – Low–lying terrain of Belgium/Lux East – Alps of Germany and Switzerland South – Ionian Sea Southwest – Pyrenees and Spain
The central highlands of France is called ___
Massif Central
Massif Central
the central highlands of France
Name 8 Rivers of France
Loire Garonee: Dordogne – Gironde Rhone Rhine Saone Seine
The South of France has a ___ climate
Mediterranean
The South of France has ___ % of the vineyards of France
50%
Western France has a ___ climate
Maritime
Central and NE France have a ___ climate
Continental
The two major geographic features of Alsace are the ___ and the ___
Vosages mtns to the west
Rhine River to the east
Alsace has a rain shield created by the ___
Vosages mountains
The Vosages Mountains make Alsace’s climate ___ and ___
dryer
warmer
A Maritime Climate is generally ___ with ___
milder
chilly breezes from an ocean
A Maritime Climate has more ___ and ___
rain
humidity
A Maritime Climate has ___ summers and ___ winters
Cool summers
Cold winters
A Mediterranean Climate is influenced by ___
air currents
A Mediterranean Climate generally is __ with ___ in winter
warmer with rain in winter
A Mediterranean Climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Dry hot summers
Cool wet winters
A Continental climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Cool summers
Cold winters
Where are most vineyards located when the region has a Continental climate?
In river valleys (e.g. Loire Valley of France) to provide protection and funnel milder weather in from the coast
A Continental climate is cool so typically wines are __ acid, ___ body and ___ alcohol
High acid
Light–med body
Low alcohol
3 typical grapes from a Continental climate are ___, ___ and ___
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc
The climate of Bordeaux is ___
Maritime
The climate in the South of France is ___
Mediterranean
The five regions in southern France, west to east are ___,___,___,___ and ___
Roussillon Languedoc Rhone Provence Corsica
The wines from southern France are very ___ World.
New
Western France tends to have a ____ climate.
Maritime
Bordeaux can make full-bodied wines in a maritime climate because it typically has ___
higher temperatures
Bordeaux reds have __ body and __ acid
full
high
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms by the ___
Vosges Mountains
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms so the grapes ___ and wines can be high in __
ripen more
alcohol
The major city in Bordeaux is ___
Bordeaux
The major city in western Loire Valley is ___
Nantes
The city of Nantes is in ____
Pais Nantes in western Loire Valley
The major city in Champagne is ___
Reims
The city of Reims is in ____
Champagne
The major city in northern Alsace is ___
Strasbourg
The city of Strasbourg is in ____
northern Alsace
The major city on the opposite shore of the Rhone river from Burgundy is ___
Lyon
The city of Lyon is near ____
Burgundy
The major city just east of Provence is ___
Nice
Nice is near the region of ____
Provence
The major city in western Provence is ___
Marseille
Marseille is in ____
western Provence
The major city between Languedoc-Roussillon and Bordeaux is ___
Toulouse
Toulouse is between the regions of ____ and ___
Languedoc-Roussillon
Bordeaux
France’s most planted white is ___
Ugni Blanc
Ugni Blanc aka ___
Trebbiano
Ugni Blanc is used to make ___
brandy (Cognac, Armagnac)
France’s third most planted grape is ___
Ugni Blanc
The white grape of Burgundy is ___
Chardonnay
The white grape of Champagne is ___
Chardonnay
The 2 white grapes of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
The white grape of eastern Loire Valley is ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Melon de Bourgogne is grown in ___
western Loire Valley
The white grape grown exclusively in western Loire Valley is ___
Melon de Bourgogne
In France, Semillon is used to make sweet wines in __ and ___
Bordeaux
southwest France
The grape used to make sweet wines in Bordeaux is ___
Semillon
True or False
The region with the most Chardonnay is Champagne.
False
The region with the most Chardonnay is L-R
Chenin Blanc is used to make __ wines.
a wide range of styles
In France, Chenin Blanc is grown in the regions of ___ and ___
Anjou-Saumur
Touraine
In France, Muscat is grown mostly in ___
South of France
In France, Muscat is mainly used to make __
vins doux naturels (fortified wines)
7 White grapes of France and their main regions
U Can See Some Monte Carlo Money Ugni Blanc – everywhere Chardonnay – Burgundy & Champagne Sauvignon Blanc – Bordeaux, Loire Valley Semillon – Bordeaux and Southwest Melon de Bourgogne – Western Loire Valley Chenin Blanc – Central Loire Valley Muscat – South of France
11 Red Grapes of France and their regions
My 2 Cabs Gross So Phew Coins, Guests Can Push More Merlot – Bordeaux Cab Sauvignon - Bordeaux Cab Franc – LV and Bordeaux Grenache – Rhone Syrah – North Rhone and L-R Pinot Noir – Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, east LV Carignan – South of France Gamay – Beaujolais Cinsaut – South of France Pinot Meunier – Champagne Mourvedre – L-R, Provence
France’s most planted grape is the ___
Merlot
Merlot covers ___ acres in Bordeaux
170,000
In France, Cabernet Sauvignon is closely associated with the region of __
Bordeaux
More than half of France’s Cab Sauv is grown in ___
Bordeaux
Bordeaux grows approx ___% of Frances Cab Sauv
50%
The 3 reds most associated with Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
The red associated with the Loire Valley is ___
Cab Franc
The 3 reds associated with Rhone are ___, ___ and ___
Grenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
The red associated with the Burgundy is ___
Pinot Noir
The 2 reds associated with the Champagne are ___
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
The red associated with the Beaujolais is ___
Gamay
The 5 reds associated with South of France/ L-R are ___, ___ and ___
Carignan Cinsaut Grenache Syrah Mourvedre
The red associated with L-R and Provence is __
Mourvèdre
Grenache requires a ___ climate
warm
True or False:
Bordeaux grows approx 50% of the Cabernet Sauvignon in France
TRUE
What is the most planted grape in France?
Merlot
True or False
France was the first country with a national system for protecting and restricting the use of place–names for wine
TRUE
France’s administrator of the wine laws is the ___
Institut National de l’Origine (INAO)
In France, the Institut National de l’Origine is the ___
Administrator of France’s wine laws.
What are the four items controlled by France’s wine laws?
Geographic boundaries
Grape varieties
Mandated procedures
Prohibited procedures
The three (4) levels of French wine designations, starting with the highest are ___, ___ and ___
AOC
(VDQS)
Vin de Pays or IGP
Vin de Table or Vin de France
Vin de Table is the ___ designation for French wine.
lowest
Vin de Table is restricted to being made in ___
anywhere in France
Vin de Table has restrictions on ___
Only health
safety
commercial
Vin de Table makes up about ___ of French wines
1/8
Vin de Table is intended to be consumed ___
locally
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is the ___ designation of France’s wines
middle
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) was formerly called ___
Vin de Pays (country wine)
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PGI
For IGP, percentage that must be from the region is ___%
85%
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) has __ major regions and ___ smaller regions.
6 major regions
152 smaller regions
The 6 largest IGPs are ___
IGP des Vignobles IGP de Pays d'Oc Val de Loire Comtés Rhodaniens Méditerranée Comté Tolosan
IGP des Vignobles is the French IGP region covering ___
almost all of France
IGP de Pays d’Oc is the French IGP region covering ___
the western Mediterranean coast
Val de Loire is the French IGP region covering ___
the Loire Valley
Comtés Rhodaniens is the French IGP region covering ___
northern Rhone, Jura and Savoie
Méditerranée is the French IGP region covering ___
southeastern France
Comté Tolosan is the French IGP region covering ___
southwest France
The number of IGPs in France that are departmental is __
52
The number of IGPs in France that are small historical/geographic areas is __
90+
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PDO
The number of Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is ___
300+ AOCs
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) makes up __% of French wine.
50% of French wine
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée translates as __
“Name of Controlled Origin”
Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée can be shortened to __
Appellation Contrôlée (AC)
List the 5 nesting levels of AOCs.
Large IGP Large AOC medium AOC small appellation single-vineyard
True or False
AOCs must be separate and distinct areas
False
They must be distinct but do not have to be separate. They can be nested
The Bordeaux region is located in ___
Southwestern France
The Bordeaux region has a ___ climate.
Maritime climate
The Bordeaux region has high quality reflected by the fact that is has __% of France’s AOCs.
25%
The Bordeaux region produces a ___ quantity of wine, approx __ cases.
Large quantity
61 million cases
The Bordeaux region is the ___ largest producer in the world.
12th
The Bordeaux region’s output is ___% red
98%
The Bordeaux region produces __ reds and ___ whites
long-lived, high quality
luscious dessert
The 2 rivers of Bordeaux are __ and ___ which combine onto the ___
Garonne
Dirdogne
Gironde
The maritime climate of Bordeaux is tempered by __
the Landes Forest on the west coast.
The three sections of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Left bank
Right Bank
Entre–Deux–Mers
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is located ___
West of the Garonne and Gironde rivers
The city of Bordeaux is located in the ___
Left Bank
The Left Bank of Bordeaux has 2 regions: ___ and ___
Medoc
Graves
Medoc is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
north
Graves is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
south
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is famous for growing ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
The white varieties from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
The whites from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are typically grown in __
Graves
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is located __
East and North of the Dordogne and Gironde
The Right Bank of Bordeaux includes the city of ___
Libourne
Libourne is located in the ___
Right Bank of Bordeaux
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is known for growing ___
Merlot
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is located ___
Between the Garonne and Dordogne rivers
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is considered to have less flavor because it has ___
more fertile soil
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux produces __ whites from ___ and ___
Dry white
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Entre–Deux–Mers’ red grape is ___
Merlot
The most planted grape in Bordeaux is ___
Merlot
The 3 main reds of Bordeaux and their regions are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot - Right Bank, E-D-M
Cab Sauvignon – Left Bank
Cabernet Franc – Left Bank, Right Bank
The 3 minor reds of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenére
The 3 major whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
Muscadelle is blended to add ___
floral notes
The 3 minor whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and___
Colombard
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc (rare)
Claret
British for Bordeaux blends
The 5 Bordeaux Styles are __
Basic Red (EDM, Merlot) Right Bank reds (St. E, Merlot) Left bank reds (Médoc, Cab) Dry White (Graves, Sauv Blanc) Sweet white (Sauternes, Semillon)
The region of Bordeaux that is considered the highest quality is the ___
Left Bank
Basic Bordeaux red is made from ___ in ___
Merlot
EDM
Basic Bordeaux red is typically not complex so it is not ___
ageable
Right Bank reds typically consist of ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
Right Bank reds typically are a majority of ___
Merlot
The most famous Right Bank red is from ___
St.-émilion
The Right Bank reds are usually not as ____ as the Left Bank reds
firmly structured / tannic
The Right Bank reds are ____ and can age for years
tannic
Left Bank reds are a majority of ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
The world’s finest Cabernet Sauvignon are from __
the Left Bank of Bordeaux
The most famous Left Bank wine is from ___
Médoc
Left Bank reds almost always need ___
aging
The primary red in Right Bank blends is __
Merlot
Bordeaux dry white is made from a blend of __ and __
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Bordeaux dry whites tend to be __ in acid
high
Bordeaux dry whites are mostly from the region of ___
EDM
A small amount of Bordeaux dry whites come from ___
Pessac–Léognan in Graves
True or False
A Bordeaux dry white can have some oak
TRUE
Bordeaux sweet whites are made in __ on __
Sauternes
the Left Bank
Bordeaux sweet whites are made from ___ and___
Semillon
Sauv Blanc
Bordeaux sweet white are usually sweet because of ___
Botrytis
How many AOC appellations does Bordeaux have?
60
True or False
Different styles within a Bordeaux AOC are counted as separate appellations.
TRUE
The three largest Bordeaux AOCs are ___, ___ and ___
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
The Bordeaux AOC covers ___
the entire Bordeaux region
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC covers __
the entire Bordeaux region, like the Bordeaux AOC but has tighter restrictions
Crémant de Bordeaux AOC covers ___
sparkling wines in Bordeaux
The largest Bordeaux region is ___
Bordeaux AOC
The Bordeaux AOC allows the making of ___
red, white and rosé
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC has tighter restrictions than Bordeaux AOC on ___, ___ and___
Lower yields minimum ripeness minimum alcohol (+0.5%)
Which 3 regions account for 55% of Bordeaux’s production”
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux AOC, Bordeaux Supérieur AOC and Crémant de Bordeaux AOC are usually used when the wines come from ___
an area that does not qualify for a higher appellation.
Red grapes from E-D-M are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
White grapes from Medoc are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
A new region that recently split off from Graves is ___
Pessac–Léognan
Sauternes is a sub-region in ___
Graves
Sauternes is famous for ___ wines from ___ and___
sweet botrytis wines
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Bordeaux Appellation that combines four non–contiguous regions
Cotes de Bordeaux
Cotes de Bordeaux combines ___, ___, ___ and ___
Côtes de Francs
Côtes de Castillon
Premières Côtes de Blaye
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux (Cadillac)
Cotes de Bordeaux combines four non–contiguous regions so they can __
have ‘Bordeaux’ in their name.
8 Left Bank – Medoc AOCs
N-S Medoc Haut–Medoc St Estèphe Paullic St Julien Listrac–Moulis MargauxMighty Hercules Eats Peanut butter and Jelly Lunches on Mondays
The four most esteemed AOCs of the Médoc region are ___, ___, ___ and ___
St Estèphe
Paullic
St Julien
Margaux
True or False
All AOCs in Bordeaux’s Left Bank– Medoc AOC are for red wines
TRUE
5 Left bank – Graves AOCs
N-S Pessac–Léognan Graves Cerons Barsac Sauternes
The Left Bank - Graves AOCs make mostly ___ wines
sweet white
The two Left Bank - Graves regions that make dry white and reds are ___ and ___
Graves
Pessac–Léognan
The most famous chateau in Pessac-Léognan is ___
Haut-Brion
7 Entre–Deux–Mers AOCs
W-E Cadillac Entre–Deux–Mers Graves–de–Vayres Loupiac Ste Croix Du Mont St Macaire Ste Foy Bordeaux
E-D-M is known for ___ and ___ wines
Dry white
sweet white
The two E-D-M regions known for dry whites are ___, ___ and___
E-D-M
Graves-de-Vayres
The one E-D-M region allowed to make a red is __
Graves-de-Vayres
The 2 Right Bank AOCs furthest north from Libourne are ___ and ___
Côtes de Blaye
Côtes de Bourg
3 Right–bank – Libourne AOC groups
W-E:
Fronsac
Pomerol
St Émilion
The Right Bank AOC group of Fronsac consists of the AOCs ___ and ___
W-E:
Fronsac
Canon–Fronsac
The Right Bank AOC group of Pomerol consists of the AOCs ___ and ___
W-E:
Pomerol
Lalande–de–Pomerol
The Right Bank AOC group of St Émilion consists of these 5 satellites
W-E: St Émilion Montagne St Émilion St Georges St Émilion Lussac St Émilion Puisseguin St Émilion
Two famous chateaux of Pomerol are ___ and ___
Petrus
Gazin
Four famous chateaux of St Émilion are ___ and ___
Angelus
Ausone
Cheval Blanc
Pavic
The AOCs in Bordeaux’s Right Bank– Libourne AOC are known for __
Merlot blends
2 Right Bank – Côtes and their wine styles
Cotes de Bordeaux (dry white, red, sweet white)
Cotes de Bourg (dry white, red)
Médoc is on the ___ bank in Bordeaux
Left
Médoc has __ communal AOCs
6
E-D-M has small regions along the Garonne that make __ and ___
reds
sweet whites
The Right Bank regions that are on par with Médoc are ____ and ___
St. Emilion
Pomerol
The top 5 AOCs on the Right Bank are ___
Pomerol Lalande-de-Pomerol St.-émilion Satellites Fronsac Canon-Fronsac
St.-émilion Grand Cru is the same area as St.-émilion but __
it has tighter restrictions
In Bordeaux, ‘Chateau’ means a ___ or a ___
wine estate
business making wines
Negociants is a business that __
buys juice or wine from growers and blends it under their own label
en primeur means __
“in futures”
The ‘en primeur’ practice is important because it __ and ___
Brings cash flow to the chateaux
creates price breaks for brokers who buy early
Crus
growth
The original Bordeaux classification of 1855 was based on __ and __
Prestige
Price
True or False
The first Bordeaux Classification was in 1855.
False
It was not the first - just the most famous
When was the Bordeaux Classification?
1855
The Classification of 1855 excluded ___
the Right Bank
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was a list of chateaux by ___
price of the wine
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 classified ___ red wines into __ levels
61 red wines
5 levels
The top two levels of the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 are ____
Premier Cru (first growth)
Second growth
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 awarded __ reds Premier Crus
4
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 classified ___ sweet wines into __ levels
26 sweet wines
3 levels
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 awarded __ sweet Premier Cru
1 - Chateau d’Yquem
The four red Premier Cru from 1855 are ___, ___, ___ and ___
Haut–Brion
Lafite–Rothschild
Latour
Margaux
What is the fifth Bordeaux Grand Cru?
Mouton–Rothschild was elevated in 1973
What is the one Bordeaux sweet wine Premier Cru from 1855?
Chateau d’Yquem
The one chateau elevated to Premier Cru was ___ in ___
Château Mouton-Rothschild in 1973
‘Super Seconds’ are chateaux that are __
now on par with the Premier Crus – but have not been added to the Premier Cru list.
Bordeaux classification are assigned to the ___
chateau, not the vineyard
True or False
In Bordeaux, Chateau holdings can change without impacting the classification.
True since the classification is for the chateau
In Bordeaux classification, the ___ is more important than the ___
producer
terrior
True or False
All Bordeaux regions were included in the Classification of 1855
False
No Right Bank wines were considered good enough. And only one EDM (Haut–Brion)
The one E-D-M region included in the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was ___
Haut-Brion
The 5 Bordeaux classifications are ___
1855 Graves St Émilion Grand Cru Classé Cru Bourgeois Cru Artisan
The Bordeaux Graves Classification has ___ levels of classification
one: Cru Classé (classified growth)
The Graves Classification ranked ___ properties
16
The Graves Classification ranking was done in ___ and again in ___
1953
1959
The one wine in both the 1855 Classification and the Graves Classification is ___
Haut-Brion
Cru Classé
Classified growth
St Émilion Grand Cru Classé is a classification only for wines from the ___ of Bordeaux
St.-émilion region of the right bank
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé was started in ___and is redone every __
1955
10 years
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé was restructured in ___
2010
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé has 2 classes: __ and___
Premier Grand Cru Classé
Grand Cru Classé
True or False
Any Bordeaux winery can obtain St Émilion Grand Cru status
False
They must be Right Bank St-émilion AOC
But other than that all they have to do is meet the viticulture standards.
To achieve St Émilion Grand Cru status a grower must ___ and ___
Be in St-émilion AOC
meet the viticultural standards
How many wines have St-Émilion Premier Grand Cru Classé status?
16
Name the 4 St Émilion Premier Grand Cru Class A chateaux
Angelus
Ausone
Cheval Blanc
Pavic
Cru Bourgeois classification was created to rank the ___
best châteaux in Medoc that had been excluded from the 1855 list
Cru Bourgeois classification is for growers from the ___ region
Medoc
The Cru Bourgeois classification was started in ___ but then ___
1932
annulled in 2003
In 2008 the Cru Bourgeois became a ___
annual quality assessment - not a classification
The Cru Bourgeois is a controlled by a group of 300+ growers called ___
Alliance des Crus Bourgeois de Médoc
‘Cru Artisan’ is a Bordeaux classification for ___
small, family estates
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux was started in __ and revived in __
the 19th century
2006
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux consists of ___ producers
44
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux producers are evaluated every __ years by ___
10
a jury
Champagne pressing limitations:
kilo -> liters -> casks
4,000 kilos yields 2,666 liters for 13 casks
Champagne definition of cuvée
first 10 casks (20.5 hL) from the first pressings
The only region in Northern Rhone that requires 100% Syrah is ___
Cornas
The others allow 10–15% white to be blended.
What 3 white wines can be blended into reds in Northern Rhone?
Viognier
Marsanne
Roussanne
In France, Muscadet wine is made in ___
Loire’s Pay Nantais
Muscadet wine is made from ___
100% Melon de Bourgogne
Muscadet wine gets much of its flavor from being __
Aged sur lie
The major red grape of the North Rhone is __
Syrah
The major red grape of the South Rhone is ___
Grenache
What is the longest river in France?
Loire River
The Loire Valley is known for these 3 styles: ___, ___ and ___
Crisp whites
Light Reds
Roses
The Loire Valley is unusual in that it has 4 distinct sections each focusing on __
different grape varieties
3/4 of the Loire Valley’s production of ____ million cases is at the AOC level.
45 million
When compared to Bordeaux, Loire Valley has about __ the vineyard area
half
The eastern part of the Loire Valley starts in the towns of ___ and ___
Sancerre
Pouilly–sur–Loire
The western part of the Loire Valley ends in the town of ___
Nantes near the Atlantic.
4 Regions of the Loire Valley
W-E: Pays Nantais Anjou–Saumur Touraine Upper Loire
The Loire Valley region follows the Loire River for about ___ miles
300
Pays Nantais is the ___-most region of the Loire Valley
western
Pays Nantais has ___ terrain
Low lying terrain
Pays Nantais has a ___ climate
Maritime
Muscadet Region is another name for ___
Pays Nantais region in the Loire Valley.
The Anjou–Saumur is located in ___
West–central region of the Loire Valley.
Anjou–Saumur has more ___ and ___ than the coastal region.
sunshine
humidity
Anjou–Saumur is known for sweet __ wines
botrytis
Touraine is located in the ___
East–central region of Loire Valley
Touraine is ___ of Anjou-Saumur
east
The Upper Loire is also known as ___ or ___
Eastern Loire
Pouilly-sur-Loire and Sancerre
The Upper Loire has a ___ climate that is ___
Continental
Moderated by sea breezes
The Loire Valley has a ___ climate.
Trick question - it has no single climate.
Pays Nantais - Maritime
Anjou–Saumur and Touraine - warm Maritime
Upper Loire - Continental.
The region in France with the most diverse styles of wine is ___
Loire Valley
The 3 major white varieties of the Loire Valley are ___, ___ and ___
Melon de Bourgogne
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
In France, Melon de Bourgogne is grown only in ____
Pays Nantais region in the Loire Valley.
Melon de Bourgogne originated in ___
Burgundy
Melon de Bourgogne makes a ___ wine
Light–bodied, crisp
Muscadet is made from ___
Melon de Bourgogne
Pineau de la Loire is the Loire Valley name for ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc can create ___style of wine
any (dry, sweet, sparkling)
The 2 best known Loire Valley AOCs for Chenin Blanc are ___ and___
Vouvray - Touraine
Savennieres - Anjou
Vouvray is located in ___ and is known for its ___
Touraine
Chenin Blanc
Savennières is located in ___ and is known for its ___
Anjou
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc works well with botrytis because it has ___
Thin skin which allows botrytis to work.
The primary white grape in the middle Loire Valley is the ___
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc is best known in the Upper Loire Valley from ___ and ___
Sancerre
Pouilly–Fumé
The 3 minor white grapes of the Loire Valley are ___, ___ and ___
Arbois
Chardonnay
Folle Blanc
The 6 Grapes the Loire Valley uses for rosés are ___
Cab Franc Cab Sauv Pinot Noir Gamay Grolleau Malbec
Breton
Loire Valley name for Cab Franc
Côt
Loire Valley name for Malbec
Loire Valley name for Cab Franc is ___
Breton
Loire Valley name for Malbec is ___
Côt
The Loire Valley creates zesty, light reds because of ___
its cool climate
Chinon is located in ___ and is known for reds made from ___
Touraine
Cab Franc
Sancerre is located in ___ and is known for reds made from ___
Eastern Loire
Pinot Noir
Fines Bulles translates to __
“Fine Bubbles”
The Loire Valley’s marketing name for sparkling wine is ___
Fines Bulles
The Loire Valley sparkling is made from ___ using the ___ method.
Chenin Blanc
Traditional Method
True or False
Loire Valley AOC covers the entire valley.
False
There is no AOC for the Loire Valley region as a whole.
The PGI appellation that covers the entire Loire Valley is ___
IGP du Val de Loire
IGP du Val de Loire is one of the __#_ large regional vins de pays in France.
6
The only grape in the AOC wines of Pays Nantais is ___
Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet)
The biggest of the 4 AOCs in Pays Nantais is ___
Muscadet AOC
75% of Pays Nantais vineyards are __
Melon de Bourgogne
True or False
‘sur lie’ can be on the label for Muscadet’s AOC wines
True
Except for the basic appellation of Muscadet AOC
‘sur lie’ can be on the label for Muscadet’s AOC wines except for ___
basic appellation of Muscadet AOC
True or False
Muscadet wines age on sue lies for months
TRUE
Pays Nantais has 4 AOCs all called ___
Muscadet - something
The most famous AOC in Pays Nantais is ___
Muscadet de Sèvre-et-Maine
Muscadet de Sèvre-et-Maine accounts for ___ of the production in Pays Nantais
40%
Anjou–Saumur is the ___ region of the Loire Valley
western most Central region
What 3 grapes is Anjou–Saumur known for?
Cab Franc
Chenin Blanc
Gamay
Anjou has three basic appellations for __, ___ and ___
sparkling (Mousseux)
light sparkling (Pétillant)
Gamay
Sparkling wine in Anjou is called ___
Mousseux
Light sparkling wine in Anjou is called ___
Pétillant
The Savennières region of Anjou-Saumur is known for ___
100% Chenin Blanc
“The most cerebral wine in the world” is the ___
100% Chenin Blanc from Savennières in Anjou–Saumur
The 2 sweet rosé AOCs of Anjou are ___ and ___
Rosé d’Anjou
Cabernet d’Anjou
The dry rosé AOC of Anjou-Saumur is ___
Rosé de Loire
The sweet rosé AOC Rosé d’Anjou is made from ___
Grolleau
The sweet rosé AOC Cabernet d’Anjou is made from ___
Cab Sauv and Cab Franc
The dry rosé AOC of Rosé de Loire is made from ___
at least 30% of Cab Sauv or Cab Franc
Anjou is known for ___ sweet wines
botrytis
The wine style of the Anjou AOC of Coteaux du Layon is ___
Sweet, botrytis dessert wine
Which region is Coteaux du Layon AOC in?
Anjou
Name two sub–regions of Coteaux du Layon.
Bonnezeaux AOC
Quarts–de–Chaume AOC
Name the two Anjou styles for sparkling.
Mousseux (sparkling)
Petillant – lightly sparkling
What region was the Loire Valley’s first Gran Cru?
Quarts–de–Chaume AOC in Anjou
The Loire Valleys first Gran Cru was Quarts–de–Chaume AOC in 2011 in the ___ region for ___
Anjou
100% Chenin Blanc
The Loire Valleys first Gran Cru was Quarts–de–Chaume AOC is now called ___
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume AOC
Saumur–Champigny makes spicy red wine from ___
Cab Franc + 10% Cab Sauv
Pineau d’Aunis is the Saumur name for ___
Chenin Noir
What wine style is Saumur best known for?
Sparkling
Saumur Mousseux is the name for the ___ made in Saumur
Brut sparkling
Saumur Mousseux uses the ___ method
Traditional
Saumur Mousseux is made from ___
Chenin Blanc
Saumur Mousseux has a Pétillant version with __ the pressure
half
Crémant de Loire AOC is sparkling wine from ___
anywhere in the Loire Valley
Most of the grapes used in Crémant de Loire sparkling wine come from ___
the Saumur region (Chenin Blanc)
Touraine is located __
east of Anjou-Saumur in the Loire Valley.
Vouvray is in the ___ region
Touraine
Vouvray is famous for wines made from ___
100% Chenin Blanc.
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is in the ___ region
Touraine
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is famous for wines made from ___
100% Chenin Blanc.
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is across the river from __
Vouvray
Two famous Chenin Blancs from Touraine are ___ and ___
Vouvray
Mont Louis-sur-Loire
The three regions in Touraine that make reds are ___, ___ and ___ using mostly ___
Chinon
Bourgueil
St. Nicolas de Bourgueil
Cab Fran
The three regions in Touraine that make reds use __ and ___
90% Cab Franc
10% Cab Sauv
Chinon is in ___ and makes wine from ___
Touraine
Cab Franc
Touraine AOC covers __
the entire region of Touraine
Touraine AOC allows __
red, whites and sparklings
The 3 common grapes for Touraine AOC are ___, ___ and ___
Sauv Blanc
Gamay
Pinot Noir
Touraine Mousseux AOC is for sparkling from ___
all of Touraine.
The eastern most vineyards in Touraine are ___
Cheverny
Cheverny, in eastern Touraine, is famous for wines made from ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Gamay
The two most famous AOCs in the Upper Loire region are ___ and ___
Sancerre (west bank)
Pouilly–Fumé (east bank)
Sancerre AOC is known for world-class ___
Sauv Blanc
The soil in Sancerre is ___
chalky limestone
The chalky soil in Sancerre makes their Sauv Blancs ___
crisp
Pouilly–Fumé AOC is known for world-class ___
Sauv Blanc
The soil in Pouilly–Fumé AOC is ___
flinty
The flinty soil in Pouilly–Fumé makes their Sauv Blanc have a ___
smoky flavor
Pouilly–Fumé and Sancerre are known for world-class ___
Sauvignon Blanc
The best Sauvignon Blanc in the Loire Valley comes from ___ and ___
Pouilly–Fumé
Sancerre
Menetou-Salon is west of ___ and makes ___
Sancerre
Sauvignon Blanc
Quincy and Reuilly are 30 miles west of ____ and make ___
Sancerre
Sauvignon Blanc
Quincy and Reuilly are on the ___ in the Loire Valley
River Cher
How do Pouilly–Fumé AOC and Sancerre AOC differ?
Pouilly–Fumé AOC flinty soil 'smoky' Sauv Blanc chalky limestone 'crisp' Sauv Blanc
The Champagne region originally made ___ wines
acidic still white
The 2nd fermentation in Champagne began when merchants added sugar to ___
balance the acid
The Champagne process was productionized by the ___.
English
The annual production of Champagne is __
32 million cases per year
Champagne produces ___% of the world’s sparkling wine.
18%
One of the coldest and the most northerly wine region in France is ___
Champagne
In Champagne the summers are __ and the winters __
cool
quite cold
The 5 geographic zones of Champagne are __
N-S: Montagne de Reimes Vallée de la Marne Côte des Blancs Côte de Sézanne Côte des Bar
Montagne de Reimes is located ____
in Champagne on a plateau between the Marne river and Reims north of the town of Epernay
Vallée de la Marne is located ____
in Champagne along the Marne river west of the town of Epernay
Côte des Blancs is located ____
in Champagne on a ridge southwest from Epernay
Côte de Sézanne is located ____
in Champagne southwest of Côtes des Blancs
Côte des Bar is located ____
in Champagne 60 miles southeast of Epernay
What is the soil type in Champagne?
Kimmeridgian clay
Kimmeridgian clay is a ___ soil
chalky
Kimmeridgian clay is made from ___ and __
shellfish and clay.
The Côte des Bar differs from the rest of the Champagne region in that it does not have ___
Kimmeridgian clay
Kimmeridgian clay’s helps the grapes ripen in cool climates due to its __
high sunlight reflection
Kimmeridgian clay soil is a key factor in the ___ region of France
Champagne
In France, kimmeridgian clay is found in these three regions: ___, ___ and ___
Champagne
Loire Valley
Burgundy
The 3 aspects that make Kimmeridgian clay a good soil for wine are ___, ___ and __
High sunlight reflection
High water retention
High heat retention
In France, kimmeridgian clay extends from Champagne all the way to ____
the White Cliffs of Dover
The 3 main grape varieties of the Champagne region are ___, ___and ___
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
Besides the 3 main varieties, what other 4 grapes are also permitted in the Champagne region?
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
Arbane
In Champagne, Chardonnay is permitted in the 3 areas of ___, ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
Montagne de Reims
Côte de Sézanne
In Champagne, Pinot Noir is permitted in the 3 areas of ___, ___ and ___
Côte des Bar
Montagne de Reims
Vallée de la Marne
In Champagne, Pinot Meunier is permitted only in the area of ___
Vallée de la Marne
The two regions in Champagne that are only allowed to use Chardonnay are ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
Côte de Sézanne
The 2 zones in Champagne southeast of Epernay are ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
Côte de Sézanne
The area in Champagne southeast of Epernay is best for growing __
Chardonnay
5 geographic zones of Champagne AOC and their varieties
N-S: Montagne de Reimes – Chard/Pinot Noir Vallée de la Marne – Pinot Noir & Pinot Meunier Côte des Blancs – Chardonnay Côte de Sézanne – Chardonnay Côte des Bar – Pinot Noir
Le Nombre d’Or sparkling is __
The champagne from the House of Aubry with all 7 allowed grape varieties in Champagne
In Champagne, the grapes are harvested with __ acid and ___ sugar
high
low
In general, how does the crush for sparkling differ from still wines?
The grapes are handled more gently
e.g. there are 20 different criteria for pressing in Champagne.
The limit of grapes per press in the Champagne is ___
1 marc = 4,000 kg
A marc is the ___
quantity of grapes allowed in the press in Champagne
A marc is equivalent to __
4,000 kg (8,800 lbs)
The maximum amount of juice allowed to be extracted from a marc is ___
25.5 hl (675 gallons)
The 3 products from the pressing of a marc in Champagne are ___, ___ and ___
cuvée = 20.5 hl taille = 5 hl rebêche = reside
In Champagne, the cuvée is the ___
first 20.5 hl of free run from the first press
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is the ___
Champagne term for the first 20.5 hl of free run from the first press
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is rich in ___ and ___
sugar and acids
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is made into __
premium Champagne
In Champagne, taille is the ___
5 hl of juice from secondary pressings of a marc
In Champagne, taille is used for ___
demi–sec or extra–dry so the sweetness hides any flaws
In Champagne, the rebêche is the ___
remaining residue from a pressing
In Champagne, the rebêche is used to make ___
spirits and vinegar
In Champagne, the wine cannot be bottled until ___
after January 1
The 2 minimum aging requirements for Champagne are ___ and ___
12 months sur lees
15 months total
A ‘Vintage’ Champagne is a sparkling that has ___
at least 3 years of sur lee aging.
Millésime Champagne is __
another name for Vintage Champagne
Name the 7 sweetness levels of Champagne from dry to sweet
Brut Natural Extra Brut Brut Extra Dry Dry (Sec) Demi–sec Doux
NV (Non Vintage) makes up ___ of the Champagne production
75%
‘Sans Dosage’ champagne is another name for ___
unsweetened Champagne
aka Brut Nature
True or False
Champagne wines are classified in the same way that Bordeaux are.
False
Champagne wines are not classified. Villages are classified.
In Champagne, the ‘échelle des crus’ is the ___
the classifications of the villages
In Champagne, the ‘échelle des crus’ rates each village for ___
the quality of its grapes
The three levels of échelle des crus are ___, ___ and ___
Grand Crus = 100%
Premier Cru = 90-99%
other = 80-89%
The three levels of échelle des crus’ each have how many villages?
Grand Crus - 17 villages
Premier Cru - 44 villages
other - 296 villages
The level of échelle des crus is not typically seen on labels because __
most Champagnes are blends from different levels
Red wine can be added to sparkling to make a rosé either in the ___ or ___.
cuvée (blend)
liqueur d’expédition (dosage)
True or False
Champagne labels frequently have the village names.
False
Most wines from Champagne are blends from several areas so village names are rarely seen on labels.
The original intent of the classification scale in Champagne was to ___
set the price factor for each village.
The three main players in the production of Champagne are the ___, ___ and ___
Houses
Growers
Cooperatives
A traditional Champagne-making property is called a ___
House
100 Houses make __ of the Champagne
two-thirds
The 100 Houses that make 2/3 of the Champagne only own ___ of the vineyards.
1/10
Most of the Champagne Houses get their grapes by ___
buying from independent growers.
RM on a Champagne label means ___
the grower made the wine. (Récoltant-Manipulant)
If the grower makes their own Champagne, they are known as a ___
Récoltant-Manipulant
Récoltant-Manipulant Champagnes are also known as __
“Grower Champagnes”
Grower Champagnes are typically either ___ or ___
small, artisanal wines
top-tier wines from large houses
Grower Champagnes make up approximately ___% of the market
25%
Two famous Grower Champagnes are __ and __
Krug’s Clos de Mesnil
Bollinger’s Vieilles Vignes Françaises
List the sparkling appellations in the Champagne region.
Just one - Champagne AOC
In Champagne, variations are ___ not ___
styles
appellations
The 2 still wine appellations in Champagne are ___ and ___
Rosé de Riceys
Coteaux Champenois
The still wine AOC that covers most of Champagne is ___
Coteaux Champenois
Coteaux Champenois is the AOC that allows ___
still wine over most of the Champagne region
The Champagne AOC of Rosé de Riceys makes rosés from ___
Pinot Noir
The Champagne AOC of Rosé de Riceys is located ___
at the far south end of the region
Alsace is a mix of traditions from __and ___
Germany and France
Alsace produces ___ cases annually
10 million cases
In Alsace the average holding is small/large.
small
Alsace is approx ___ long running between the ___ to the west and ___ to the east.
60 miles
Vosges Mountains
Rhine River
What are the two sub–regions of Alsace and where are they located?
Bas–Rhin – to the north, lower elevation
Haut–Rhin – to the south, higher elevation
Alsace has a ___ climate
Cold Continental
Alsace has a cold continental climate due to its ___ and __
northerly location
distance from an ocean
Alsace is one of the driest places in France because the ___
rain shadow of the Vosges Mtns block the rain and humidity from the Atlantic
The grapes of Alsace ripen better than in Champagne because ___
the Vosges Mtns allow for sunny, dry summers
Alsace is known for __
white wines
The 4 noble grapes of Alsace are ___
G-RPM Gewurztraminer Riesling Pinot Gris Muscat
In Alsace, the AOC is given to the ___
variety - not the place
In Alsace, the 3 AOC types are ___, ___ and ___
Alsace AOC
Alsace Gran Cru
Crémant d’Alsace
The Alsace AOC covers ___ and allows __ varieties
the entire region
10 Varieties
An Alsace AOC can list the variety if it is ___%
100%
Name the 11 varieties of Alsace AOC
G-RPM PPinotS Crown A King Gewuztraminer Riesling Pinot Gris Muscat Pinot Noir (only red) Pinot Blanc Sylvaner Chasselas Auxerrois Klevener de Heilgenstein (Savagnin Rose) Chardonnay (Crémant only)
True of False
In Alsace the name of the grape can be on the label only if it is 100%
TRUE
True to False
In Alsace, the AOC is given to the varietal, not the place.
True
This is different than in Bordeaux where the winery is given the AOC
Alsace has no ___ level.
IGP
Alsace Grand Cru AOC is a ___
hierarchy of the vineyards
In the Alsace Grand Cru AOC each Grand Cru vineyard is recognized as ___
its own appellation
In the Alsace Grand Cru AOC, each Grand Cru vineyard can only grow ___
the ‘noble varieties’
