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Peds > G&D > Flashcards

G&D Flashcards

1
Q

2 months teach about

A

rolling off of things, keep hand on baby at all times

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2
Q

Prenatal period

A

conception to birth

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3
Q

Infancy and toddlerhood

A

birth to 2 years

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4
Q

Early childhood

A

2-6 years

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5
Q

Middle childhood

A

6-12 years (school age)

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6
Q

Adolescence

A

12-19

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7
Q

Emerging adult

A

19-25

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8
Q

Principles of growth and development

A

Sequential, influenced by heredity, environment, and learning. head to toe (cephalocaudal) and inner to out (proximodistal) Pace varies based on maturation and practice Needs stimulation to proceed with development

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9
Q

Critical period

A

Certain things must occur for normal development

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10
Q

Sensitive period

A

Particular development occurs most easily like algebra is easier to learn in adolescence. Other examples - walking, talking, driving

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11
Q

Physical domain of development

A

Body size, proportion, appearance, brain development, motor develpment, perception capabilities, physical health

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12
Q

Cognitive domain

A

Thought processes, intellectual abilities including attention, memory, problem solving, imagination, creativity, academic knowledge, metacognition, language

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13
Q

Social/Emotional domain

A

Self knowledge – self esteem, sexual identity, ethic identity, morals, understanding emotions and expressions, self regulation, temperment, understanding others, interpersonal skills, friendships

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14
Q

Physical domain

A

occurs in a predictable and orderly pattern.

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15
Q

Calorie requirements

A

Birth - 6 months: 120 kcal/kg/day, 7mo-1 year 100. 2-10 70-100, adolescents 45

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16
Q

Weight gain

A

10% loss, regain in 2 weeks. x2 by 6 months, x3 by 1 year. x4 by 2 years.

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17
Q

School age gain this much weight every year

A

5-7 pounds

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18
Q

3 years - school age height

A

3 years to school age 2-5 inches annually.

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19
Q

Weight and height from age 1 to 3

A

1-3 years old, growth slows after 1 year. Between age 1 and 3 gain 4-6 pounds and grows 3 inches annually Most energy is related to other areas of development

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20
Q

Weight and height from 2 to 6

A

grow 3 inches annually and gain 4.5 pounds annually. Center of gravity moves from breast bone to belly button. Become slimmer as lower body lengthens

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21
Q

Preschool body changes

A

potbelly goes away, longer and slimmer, bellies flatten, abdominal muscles strengthen, pelvises straighten. Slow and steady growth Muscles are stronger, moved more balanced as muscles straighten. Face looks like how they will look as an adult

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22
Q

Preschool weight gain and growth

A

4.5-6.5 lbs and 2.5-3.5 inches a year

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23
Q

School age growth

A

Slow and stead, self care is easy. Depend less on family. Run faster. Can eat enough or too much. Malnutrition is evident in height. . Grown 2 inches per year, and 4-6 lbs each year. Factors influenced by diet and exercise

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24
Q

Puberty

A

rapid physical growth each increases on a schedule weight first then height limbs then torso. Increased body fat then height and muscle.

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25
Q

Freud

A

Psychosexual theory child personality is formed by the waus in which parents managede sexual and aggressive drives

26
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Oral and anal stages. Oral is 1st year mouth is primary source of gratification. If denied will be an adult stuck at this stage - eat drink chew bite talk excessively. Anal is 2nd year sensual pleasure of bowel movements and the psychological pleasure of controlling them. Strict or premature toilet training will lead to need for control, regularity and cleanliness

27
Q

Erikson stages

A 
Development is life long. 
Trust v mistrust = birth - 1 year
Autonomy v shame 1-3
Initiative v guilt 3-6
Industry v inferiority 6-11
Identity v confusion adolescence
Intimacy v isolation young adult
Generativity v stagnation middle adult
Integrity v dispair elderly
28
Q

Piaget Cognitive development

A

Children consruct their understanding of the world through involvement and interactions through assimilation and accommodation

29
Q

Sensorimotor

A

birth-2: infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world

30
Q

Preoperation

A

2-7 mental representations of objects symbolic thought and language

31
Q

Concrete operations

A

7-11 logical operations or principles when solving problems

32
Q

Formal operations

A

12 and older logical operations in a systemic fashion with ability to use abstractions

33
Q

Denver II

A

Standardized, need to be certified, interpret test, recommend referrals looks at 4 stage: social, gross motor, fine motor, language

34
Q

Newborn Denver

A

assess a neuro problem like CP

35
Q

Infant Denver

A

identify nature of the problem for early intervention

36
Q

Children denver

A

delineate academic and social problems in order to give early intervention

37
Q

Administer Denver

A

During any visit with or without parents for children between birth and 6

38
Q

Interpret Denver II

A

Presents as age norms the more items the child fails to perform passed by 90 percent of peers the more likely they are to have a developmental deviation

39
Q

Ages and Stages

A

Parent led questionnaire, captures parents knowledge, highlights strengths and concerns, teaches parents about child development and their own childs skills, highlights results that fall in the monitoring zone to make it easier to keep track of children at risk. 21 quesetionaires screening gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social

40
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A

gross precedes fine motor skills in a cephalocaudal fashion - head precedes arm and hand control followed by leg and foot

41
Q

Gross motor development

A

Newborn: cannot lift head, 6 months easily lifts head, chest, upper abdomen and can bare weight on arms

42
Q

Sitting up

A

2 mo: need assist. 6mo: can sit alone in a tripod position. 8mo: can sit w out support and engage in play

43
Q

Walking

A

9 mo: crawl. 1 year: stand from a crawl position. 13mo: walk and toddle quickly. 15mo can run

44
Q

Fine motor Infant

A

Newborn: involuntary grasp and dropped w out notice. 6mo: palmar grasp uses entire hand to pick up object. 9mo: pincer, small object w thumb and forefinger

45
Q

Speech Milestones

A

1-2mo - coos. 2-6mo laugh and squeal. 8-9mo babbles mama dada. 10-12 mama dada specific. 18-20: 20-30 words half understood by strangers. 22-24mo: two word sentences over 50 words, 75 percent understood by strangers. 30-36mo: almost all speech understood by strangers.

46
Q

Hearing

A

BAER hearing tests done at birth screens tympanic membrane mobility if fails retest in 1 month can be from amniotic fluid built up. ability to hear interferes with enunciation. ask hx of otitis media, PET tubes.

47
Q

Red flags in development

A

Cant sit alone by 9months Cant transfer objects from hand to hand by 1 year. Abnormal pincer by 15mo. Cant walk alone by 18mo, Failure to speak recognizable words by 2 years

48
Q

Fine motor toddler

A

1 year - transfer objects from hand to hand, 2 year can hold a crayon and color vertical strokes, turn book pages, build 6 block tower

49
Q

Fine motor older toddler

A

3 - copy a circle and a cross, build using small blocks 4 - scissors, color in the lines. 5- write letters, draw a person with body parts

50
Q

Issues in parenting toddlers

A

Stranger anxiety should dissipate by 2.5-3 years. Temper tantrums weekly in most children peak at 1.5 years disappear by age 3. Sibling rivalry peaks between 1-2 years. Thumb sucking, toilet training

51
Q

Fine motor

A

buttoning clothes, holding a crayon, buiding small blocks, using scissors, playing a board game, have child draw a picture of himself

52
Q

Red flags in preschool

A

Cant perform self care tasks, hand washing, dressing, daytime toileting. Lack socialization. Unable to play w other children. Unable to follow directions.

53
Q

School years fine motor

A

Writing skills improve, fine motor refined, building w legos, sewng, musical instrument, painting, typing, computers

54
Q

School performance

A

ask if they like school, fav subject, learning difficulties, attention problems, homework, parent expectations

55
Q

Red flags school age

A

Failing, lack of friends, social isolation, aggressive behavior - fights, animal abuse

56
Q

School age gross motor

A

8-10 years team sports

57
Q

School age cognitive

A

Greater ability to concentrate and participate in self initiating quiet activities that challenge cognitive skills such as reading, computer, board games

58
Q

Adolescent

A

challenge values with gaining independence, critical of adult authority, relies on peer relationship, mood swings

59
Q

Adolescent behavior problems

A

Anorexia, attention deficit, anger, suicide

60
Q

Adolescent teaching

A

relationships, sexuality, substance abuse, gangs, driving, weapons

61
Q

Autism

A

social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors or narrow obsessive interests - need all 3. usually noticed between 1.5-3 years. NJ 1 in 45 pregnancies

Peds (5 decks)

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