G. CHOLERA Flashcards
An infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea
G. Cholera
caused by
eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called?
Vibrio Cholerae
usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the
infection.
Vibrio Cholerae
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
- Rapid heart rate
- Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to return to original position quickly if pinched)
- Dry mucous membranes, including the inside of the mouth, throat, nose, and eyelids
- Low blood pressure
- Thirst
- Muscle cramps
Cholera Treatment and Prevention
- Drinking
- Preparing food or drinks
- Making ice
- Brushing your teeth
- Washing your face and hands
- Washing dishes and utensils that you use to eat or prepare food
- Washing fruits and vegetables
the mainstay of treatment for cholera
Hydration
kill the bacteria, are not part of emergency treatment for mild cases.
Antibiotics
acute illness associated with fever caused by the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria.
H. TYPHOID FEVER
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
- Poor appetite
- Headaches
- Generalized aches and pains
- Fever as high as 104 degrees Fahrenheit
- Lethargy
- Diarrhea
incubation period is?
1-2 weeks
the duration of the illness is
3-4 weeks
Typhoid fever is treated with..
ANTIBIOTICS
was the original drug of choice for many years
Chloramphenicol
the smallest of all the microbes.
Viruses
surrounded by a protective coat called?
Caspid
Viruses display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes.
morphologies
main morphological virus types
Helical Icosahedral Prolate Envelope Complex
composed of a single type of capsomere stacked around a central axis to form a helical structure
Helical
animal viruses are
Icosahedral or near-spherical
are in essence flat and pentons
Hexons
an icosahedron elongated along the fivefold axis and is a common arrangement of the heads of bacteriophages
Prolate
modified form of one of the cell membranes
Envelope
This membrane is studded with proteins coded for by the viral genome and host genome
Envelope
These viruses possess a capsid that is neither purely helical nor purely icosahedral
Complex
A complete virus particle is called
Virion
deliver its DNA or RNA genome into the host cell so that the genome can be expressed
(transcribed and translated) by the host cell.
Virion
Refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver.
Hepatitis
5 types of viral hepatitis
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E
always an acute, short-term disease
Hepatitis A
Sign and Symptoms of Hepatitis A
● Jaundice (yellow eyes and skin, dark urine) ● Pain in your belly ● Loss of appetite ● Nausea ● Fever ● Diarrhea ● Fatigue
a virus that infects the liver
Hepatitis B
Most adults who get it have it for a short time and then get better. This is called?
acute hepatitis B
Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection
chronic hepatitis B
SIGNS and SYMPTOMS of Hepatitis B
- Feeling very tired.
- Mild fever.
- Headache.
- Not wanting to eat.
- Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting.
- Belly pain.
- Tan-colored bowel movements (stools).
- Dark urine.
- Yellowish eyes and skin (jaundice). Jaundice usually appears only after other symptoms have started to go away.
take a tiny sample of your liver for
testing.
Liver biopsy
Infection of the liver
HEPATITIS C
Signs and symptoms
- Jaundice (a condition that causes yellow eyes and skin, as well as dark urine)
- Stomach pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Fatigue
isn’t spread through food, water, or by casual contact.
Hepatitis C
combination of
elbasvir and grazoprevir
Zepatier
most common effects of hep C drugs are:
- Use a latex condom every time you have sex.
- Don’t share personal items like razors.
- Be careful if you get a tattoo, body piercing or manicure. The equipment may have someone else’s blood on it.
- Don’t donate blood or tissue if you’re infected.
transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection)
Hepatitis D
Signs and SYMPTOMS
- yellowing of the skin and eyes, which is called jaundice
- joint pain
- abdominal pain
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- dark urine
- fatigue
Hepatitis D is caused by
HDV
