FX3 Flashcards
Question: Which of the following DNS record types hold an IP address? (Choose two.)
A. “NS”
B. “AAAA”
C. “MX”
D. “A”
E. “CNAME”
Answer:
B. “AAAA”
D. “A”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (B, D):
B: AAAA records hold an IPv6 address.
D: A records hold an IPv4 address.
Incorrect Answers:
A: NS (Name Server) records specify authoritative DNS servers but do not hold IP addresses.
C: MX (Mail Exchange) records define mail servers, not IP addresses.
E: CNAME (Canonical Name) records are aliases and do not hold IP addresses.
Question: Which of the following values could be a process ID on Linux?
A. “/bin/bash”
B. “60b503cd-019e-4300-a7be-922f074ef5ce”
C. “/sys/pid/9a14”
D. “fff3”
E. “21398”
Answer:
E. “21398”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (E): A process ID (PID) is a numerical identifier for a running process in Linux. “21398” is a valid PID.
Incorrect Answers:
A: “/bin/bash” is a command or executable, not a process ID.
B: The string appears to be a UUID, not a PID.
C: “/sys/pid/9a14” seems like a file path, not a process ID.
D: “fff3” may look like a hexadecimal value but is not a valid PID format.
Question: Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?
A. “NFS”
B. “LDAP”
C. “SMTP”
D. “DNS”
E. “DHCP”
Answer:
E. “DHCP”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (E): DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used for automatic IP address configuration.
Incorrect Answers:
A: NFS (Network File System) is used for file sharing, not IP configuration.
B: LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is used for directory services, not IP configuration.
C: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails, not IP configuration.
D: DNS (Domain Name System) resolves domain names to IP addresses but does not configure IP addresses.
Question: Which of the following devices represents a hard disk partition?
A. “/dev/ttyS0”
B. “/dev/sata0”
C. “/dev/part0”
D. “/dev/sda2”
E. “/dev/sda/p2”
Answer:
D. “/dev/sda2”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (D): /dev/sda2 represents the second partition of the first SATA hard disk (/dev/sda).
Incorrect Answers:
A: /dev/ttyS0 is a serial port, not a disk partition.
B: /dev/sata0 is typically used to represent a SATA device, not a partition.
C: /dev/part0 is not a standard device name.
E: /dev/sda/p2 is not a valid device name; partitions are named /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, etc.
Question: Which of the following statements regarding Linux hardware drivers is correct?
A. “Drivers are regular Linux programs which have to be run by the user who wants to use a device.”
B. “Drivers are not used by Linux because the BIOS handles all access to hardware on behalf of Linux.”
C. “Drivers are stored on their devices and are copied by the Linux kernel when a new device is attached.”
D. “Drivers are downloaded from the vendor’s driver repository when a new device is attached.”
E. “Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules.”
Answer:
E. “Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules.”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (E): Linux drivers can be compiled directly into the kernel or loaded as modules.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Drivers are not typically user-run programs; they are managed by the kernel.
B: The BIOS does not handle device access on Linux; it is done by the kernel.
C: Drivers are not stored on devices themselves; they are part of the Linux kernel or loaded as modules.
D: Drivers are usually part of the kernel or can be manually installed, but they are not automatically downloaded when a device is attached.
Question: What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
A. “One directory per installed program.”
B. “One file per existing user account.”
C. “One directory per running process.”
D. “One log file per running service.”
Answer:
C. “One directory per running process.”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (C): The /proc/ directory contains a subdirectory for each running process, identified by its PID.
Incorrect Answers:
A: /proc/ does not contain directories for installed programs; it contains runtime information about processes.
B: /proc/ does not store user accounts; it contains system and process information.
D: /proc/ is not used for storing log files, though it contains runtime process data.
Question: A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution. Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. “Ubuntu Linux LTS”
B. “Fedora Linux”
C. “Debian GNU/Linux Unstable”
D. “Ubuntu Linux non-LTS”
E. “Red Hat Enterprise Linux”
Answer:
A. “Ubuntu Linux LTS”
E. “Red Hat Enterprise Linux”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (A, E):
A: Ubuntu LTS (Long Term Support) provides extended support, including security updates, for several years.
E: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) offers long-term support with regular security updates for several years.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Fedora is a rolling release distribution and does not provide long-term support.
C: Debian Unstable is not designed for long-term stability or updates.
D: Ubuntu non-LTS does not have long-term support.
Question: Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?
A. “/opt”
B. “/lib”
C. “/etc”
D. “/var”
E. “/usr”
Answer:
D. “/var”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (D): /var contains variable data such as logs and spool files, which require read and write access.
Incorrect Answers:
A: /opt is used for optional software but does not necessarily need read/write access unless it’s actively used.
B: /lib contains essential shared libraries and does not require frequent modifications.
C: /etc contains configuration files, but it’s generally mounted read-only for system security.
E: /usr contains user binaries and libraries but doesn’t necessarily need read/write access.
Question: The ownership of the file doku.odt should be changed. The new owner is named tux. Which command accomplishes this change?
A. “chmod u=tux doku.odt”
B. “newuser doku.odt tux”
C. “chown tux doku.odt”
D. “transfer tux: doku.odt”
E. “passwd doku.odt:tux”
Answer:
C. “chown tux doku.odt”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (C): The chown command is used to change the owner of a file in Linux.
Incorrect Answers:
A: chmod is used to change file permissions, not ownership.
B: newuser is not a valid command.
D: transfer is not a valid command in this context.
E: passwd is used to manage user passwords, not file ownership.
Question: What happens to a file residing outside the home directory when the file owner’s account is deleted? (Choose two.)
A. “During a file system check, the file is moved to /lost +found.”
B. “The file is removed from the file system.”
C. “The UID of the former owner is shown when listing the file’s details.”
D. “The user root is set as the new owner of the file.”
E. “Ownership and permissions of the file remain unchanged.”
Answer:
C. “The UID of the former owner is shown when listing the file’s details.”
E. “Ownership and permissions of the file remain unchanged.”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (C, E):
C: If the owner of a file is deleted, the file’s ownership is shown with the UID of the former user.
E: The file remains with its original ownership and permissions even if the owner is deleted.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The file does not get moved to /lost+found during a file system check.
B: The file is not automatically removed.
D: Root does not become the new owner automatically.
Question: Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose two.)
A. “The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory.”
B. “The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system.”
C. “The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created.”
D. “The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command.”
E. “The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system.”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (C, D):
C: The /etc/skel directory contains default files that are copied to the new user’s home directory when the account is created.
D: /etc/skel is used by useradd to set up a new user’s home directory.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The personal settings of root are not stored in /etc/skel.
B: The files are copied when the account is created, not when the system starts.
E: Global settings are not in /etc/skel; they are in other directories like /etc.
Question: What is true about links in a Linux file system?
A. “A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory.”
B. “A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.”
C. “When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated.”
D. “A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.”
E. “Only the root user can create hard links.”
Answer:
D. “A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (D): Symbolic links can point to files across different file systems.
Incorrect Answers:
A: A symbolic link can point to both files and directories.
B: Hard links cannot point to directories (except for the root user in some cases).
C: Symbolic links are not automatically updated when the target is moved; they will break.
E: Hard links can be created by any user, not just root.
Question: Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.) uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (wireshark), 989 (docker), 1001 (libvirt)
A. “/etc/id”
B. “/etc/passwd”
C. “/etc/group”
D. “/home/index”
E. “/var/db/users”
Answer:
B. “/etc/passwd”
C. “/etc/group”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (B, C):
B: /etc/passwd contains user account information, including UID and GID.
C: /etc/group contains group information, including group memberships.
Incorrect Answers:
A: /etc/id is not a standard file.
D: /home/index is not relevant to this output.
E: /var/db/users is not a standard file in Linux for storing user/group information.
Question: Which of the following tasks can the command passwd accomplish? (Choose two.)
A. “Change a user’s username.”
B. “Change a user’s password.”
C. “Create a new user account.”
D. “Create a new user group.”
E. “Lock a user account.”
Answer:
B. “Change a user’s password.”
E. “Lock a user account.”
Explanation:
Correct Answers (B, E):
B: The passwd command is used to change a user’s password.
E: The passwd command can be used to lock a user account.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Changing a username requires usermod, not passwd.
C & D: Creating accounts and groups requires other commands like useradd and groupadd.
Question: What is true about the su command?
A. “It is the default shell of the root account.”
B. “It can only be used by the user root.”
C. “It runs a shell or command as another user.”
D. “It changes the name of the main administrator account.”
E. “It locks the root account in specific time frames.”
Answer:
C. “It runs a shell or command as another user.”
Explanation:
Correct Answer (C): The su command allows users to execute commands as another user (by default, root).
Incorrect Answers:
A: The default shell for the root account is not su, it’s typically /bin/bash.
B: su can be used by users other than root to switch to another user.
D: The su command does not change the root account name.
E: su does not have the ability to lock accounts based on time.
What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory’s content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
Answer:
-R
Explanation:
The -R option in ls lists directories and their contents recursively. This means it will show the contents of all subdirectories as well.
Question:
Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?
A. By running the command with the option /? or /??.
B. By running the command with the option ?! or ?=!.
C. By running the command with the option /doc or /documentation.
D. By running the command with the option -h or –help.
E. By running the command with the option -m or –manpage.
Answer:
D. By running the command with the option -h or –help.
Explanation:
Correct Answer (D): Most Linux commands support -h or –help to display usage information and available options.
Why other options are incorrect?
A, B, C: These options are commonly used in Windows but are not standard in Linux.
E: The -m option does not exist for showing help; man command_name is used instead.
Question:
Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?
A. who
B. cd ..
C. pwd
D. ls -l
E. cd ~/home
Answer:
C. pwd
Explanation:
Correct Answer (C): pwd (print working directory) shows the absolute path of the current directory.
Why other options are incorrect?
A: who lists logged-in users, not the current directory.
B: cd .. moves up one directory but does not display the path.
D: ls -l lists files in the current directory with details but does not show the full path.
E: cd ~/home changes the directory but does not display the absolute path.
Question:
Which of the following commands output the content of the file Texts 2.txt? (Choose two.)
A. cat ‘Texts 2.txt’
B. cat – Texts 2.txt
C. cat |Texts 2.txt|
D. cat ‘Texts\ 2.txt’
E. cat Texts\ 2.txt
Explanation:
Correct Answers:
A: Enclosing the filename in single quotes prevents the shell from misinterpreting the space.
E: The backslash \ escapes the space, allowing the command to correctly reference the file.
Why other options are incorrect?
B: – is sometimes used to indicate the end of command options, but it is unnecessary here.
C: | is a pipe operator, which does not work as a filename reference.
D: ‘Texts\ 2.txt’ is incorrect because the backslash should not be inside quotes.
Question:
Which command displays file names only and no additional information?
A. ls -a
B. ls -lh
C. ls -l
D. ls -alh
E. ls -nl
Answer:
A. ls -a
Explanation:
Correct Answer (A): ls -a lists all files, including hidden ones (those starting with .), but does not show extra information like file size, owner, or permissions.
Why other options are incorrect?
B: ls -lh shows human-readable sizes (-h) and detailed information (-l).
C: ls -l provides a detailed listing, including permissions, ownership, and size.
D: ls -alh combines -a, -l, and -h, displaying all details.
E: ls -nl provides a detailed listing but with numeric group and owner IDs.
