Further Mechanics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

If an object is moving in circular motion at a constant speed what two things must there be?

A

acceleration

centripetal force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 equations can be used to calculate the magnitude of angular speed?

A

ω = 2πf
ω = v/r
ω = Δθ/Δt
where θ is in radians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you convert degrees to radians?

A

θ x 2π/360 = angle in radians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define angular velocity.

A

the rate of change of angular displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is angular velocity measured in?

A

radians per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is angular displacement?

A

the angle moved through relative to a specific axis (the angle between the radius of the circle at the initial position and its final position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is time period, T, calculated?

A

total time taken / number of rotations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the velocity, v?

A

the velocity at which the object is moving around the circle, measured in m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is velocity of an object travelling in circular motion calculated?

A
v = 2πr/T
v = rω
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does an object moving in circular motion have an acceleration even if it is moving with constant velocity?

A

the angular velocity is always changing as the tangent to the circle at which the body is moving is constantly changing. Even if it is at a constant speed, the direction in which it is moving is changing, meaning its angular velocity is changing. where there is a change in velocity there is acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define acceleration.

A

rate of change of velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name given to acceleration due to circular motion?

A

centripetal acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does the object have a centripetal force?

A

F=ma, the body has mass and centripetal acceleration and therefore has a centripetal force holding it in circular motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In which direction does the centripetal force act?

A

towards the centre of the circle, perpendicular to the velocity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which factors affect the magnitude of centripetal force?

A

mass, velocity, radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which equations can be used to calculate centripetal acceleration?

A
a = v^2 / r
a = ω^2 x r
17
Q

Which equations can be used to calculate centripetal force?

A
F = mv^2 / r
F = m x ω^2 x r
18
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate the force on an object?

A

F - Fr = ma

19
Q

What is an example of a centripetal force?

A

friction
gravity
tension

20
Q

What is represented by μ in the equation Fr = R x μ

where Fr is the frictional force and R is the resultant force (often equal to mg)

A

the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface

21
Q

How do you calculate the greatest speed a car can do without losing contact with the ground?

A
Friction = mv^2 / r
Friction = μmg

so max v = the square root of μmg

22
Q

What condition is necessary for simple harmonic motion to occur?

A

a ∝ -x

where a is the acceleration and x is the displacement

23
Q

What equation can be used to calculate the acceleration of an object inn simple harmonic motion?

A

a = ω^2 x (x)

24
Q

What is an oscillation defined as?

A

a simple repeated motion. when a system moves between 2 points through a mean position over the same period of time

25
Q

What are two common examples of systems which display simple harmonic motion

A

a pendulum on a string

a mass spring system

26
Q

How does energy change as a spring moves through a complete oscillation?

A
At top : Ep 
In middle : max Ek
At bottom: min Ek
In middle: max Ek
At top: Ep
27
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate the time period, T of a mass spring system?

A

T = 2π x square root of m/k

where k is the spring constant

28
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate the time period, T of a simple pendulum system?

A

T = 2π x square root of l/g

where l is the length og the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity

29
Q

What equation gives the displacement of an object at any given time during simple harmonic motion?

A

x = Acos(ωt)

30
Q

How do you calculate the equation for velocity from the equation for displacement? (or acceleration from velocity)

A

integrate the equation (the area under the curve)
(x = Acos(ωt) becomes v = -ωAcos(ωt))
where A is amplitude

31
Q

When a free vibration is allowed to oscillate it does so with what?

A

Natural frequency, f zero

everything has an f0

32
Q

What is resonance?

A

When the driving force oscillates at the same frequency as the object, they interfere and the amplitude becomes very large.

33
Q

How does damping impact the amplitude of an object in resonance?

A

Large damping = lower amplitude
Light damping = medium amplitude
No damping = large amplitude

34
Q

On a graph of amplitude against driving frequency, the amplitude is greatest at which point?

A

f zero (natural frequency)

35
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate the velocity of an object at any given moment in simple harmonic motion?

A

v = +or- ω x square root of A^2 - x^2