Funtional Anatomy

Question 1

During elevation how much superior movement of the humeral head occurs?

Answer 1

~3mm

Question 2

What ligament limits ER in neutral and often needs to be released with adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 2

Coracohumeral Ligament

Question 3

What makes up the rotator interval?

Answer 3

Parts of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons, the coracohumeral ligament, and the superior glenohumeral ligament.

Capsular tissue in the interval between the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons.

Question 4

What is the role of the rotator interval?

Answer 4

Contributed to the stability of the shoulder by limiting inferior translation and ER. Also limits posterior translation when arm is flexed/add/IR.

Question 5

Describe the origin of the biceps tendon.

Answer 5

40-60% from the supraglenoid tubercle

The rest originate from the superior glenoid labrum

Question 6

Describe the quadrangular space.

Answer 6

Formed by the humeral shaft, long head of the triceps, teres minor and major. The axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery pass through it.

Question 7

Normal strength ratios in the shoulder..

1) IR to ER
2) ADD to ABD
3) Ext to Flex

Answer 7

1) 3:2
2) 2:1
3) 5:4

Question 8

Describe the triangular space.

Answer 8

Medial the to quadrangular space

Bordered by the long head of the triceps, teres minor, and teres major

Contains the circumflex scapular artery and a branch of the scapular artery

Question 9

What is a Bankart lesion?

Answer 9

Lesion of the glenoid labrum (detachment of the anchoring point of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament and the middle glenohumeral ligament from the glenoid rim)

Occurs with traumatic anterior dislocations.

Question 10

What is a HAGL lesion?

Answer 10

Avulsion of the humeral attachment of the glenohumeral ligament 2* to a dislocation.

Question 11

What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

Answer 11

Impression fracture of the posterolateral margin of the humeral head caused by impaction on the glenoid rim during and anterior shoulder dislocation.

If >30% of the articular surface is involved it can contribute to recurrent instability.

Question 12

What is the primary arterial supply of the humeral head?

Answer 12

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 13

What are symptoms of compression of the suprascapular nerve?

Answer 13

Posterior shoulder pain and weakness

Question 14

What are the common compression points of the suprascapular nerve?

Answer 14

Suprascapular or spinoglenoid notches

Question 15

What are the borders of the posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 15

SCM, trap, and clavicle

Question 16

What is in the posterior cervical triangle and is susceptible to injury?

Answer 16

Cranial nerve XI - spinal accessory nerve

Question 17

Injury to what nerve causes medial scapular winging?

Answer 17

Long thoracic nerve

Question 18

Which AC ligament restricts posterior displacement of the clavicle and posterior axial rotation?

Answer 18

Acromioclavicular ligament and the joint capsule

Question 19

What AC ligament restricts anterior and superior displacement?

Answer 19

Connor ligament

Question 20

Which AC ligament constrains both horizontal and vertical displacement?

Answer 20

Trapezoid ligament