Fungus - Chapter 23 Flashcards
When is sexual reproduction is done in fungus?
Sexual reproduction is done during harsh conditions. This results in genetic diversity and it can be haploid or diploid.
When is asexual reproduction is done in fungus?
Asexual reproduction is done during good environments and to take advantage of food source.
What are some general basic characteristics of fungus?
eukaryotic (nucleus+membrane bound organelles) non-photosynthetic heterotrophic multicellular
What types of fungi are not multicellular?
yeast (colonial) molds (filamentous)
What are the three ways fungi get nutrients?
saprophytic (most fungus) parasitic predatory
What is saprophytic?
absorbs organic nutrients from dead organisms secretes enzymes that dissolve food and absorb nutrients through cell walls they decompose and recycle dead organic matter store energy as glycogen
What is parasitic? What are some examples of hosts?
gets nutrients from host examples: corn, ants, amoeba
What is predatory? What are some examples?
hunters
Explain and describe phylum zygomycota.
Phylum Zyhomycota is a type if bread mild. They have coenocytic hypha and it is a terrestrial (found in soils)
What is an example of phylum zygomycota?
An example of phylum zygomycota is Risopus stolunifera.
How do most fungi reproduce?
sexual and asexual
What are fungi cell walls made of?
chitin (a polysaccharide)
What are the three different kinds of asexual reproduction?
budding fragmentation spores
What is budding in asexual reproduction ?
budding: a piece pinches off to produce a small offspring
What is fragmentation in asexual reproduction? What is an example?
septate hypha dries up and shatters- become spore like example: athlete’s foot
what is spore asexual reproduction?
thousands of haploid spores are created that scatter and spread
What are symbiotic fungus?
Symbiotic fungus are fungus that are symbiotic with autotroph. It is a form of mutualism where they both profit.
What are some example if symbiotic fungus?
Mycorrinizae and lichens are an example of symbiotic fungus.
What are mycorrhizae, and how do they profit each other? (Fungus and plant)
Mycorrhizae are generally found in phylum zygomycota. They live in plant roots, and help increase the area the roots normally wouldn’t reach. The plant would profit by it by receiving more nitrogen, phosphate and ions from the fungus. Plant feed the fungus the sugar it makes.
What are lichens? How do lichens profit?
Fungus partner up with a smaller autotroph and the autotroph feeds the bigger lichen the sugar it makes. Fungus provides, moisture and shelter for the autotroph . The lichens produce acids that break down rock, mainly ascomycota.
What are some examples of lichens?
Some example of a lichen are crustose lichen ( which grows as a layer on surface of rocks/trees), fructicose lichens (which are shrub like) and foliose lichen (which live on flat surfaces forming mat like growths with tangled bodies.)
What are Rhizoids?
Rhizoids are hypha that penetrate and anchor mood to the bread. They produce digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients. Also they are apart of Rhizopus solonifera.
What are stolons?
Stolons are hyphae that grow on surfaces of a bread. They are a part of Rhizopus Stolonifera.
Explain the asexual reproduction cycle for Rhizopus stolonifera.
First there is a sporangiophore that is a specialized hypha that looks like a upright stem, on top of that is a sporangium which is the sac. Then there is a sporangiospore which is a genetically identical spores that are released and disperse by wind to become fungus.
