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Clinical Neurosciences > Fungus and Parasitic Infections > Flashcards

Fungus and Parasitic Infections Flashcards

1
Q

general definition of a yeast

A

unicellular which reproduces by budding or fission

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2
Q

cryptococcus neoformans is a

A

yeast

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3
Q

general definition of a mold

A

multicellular, filaments consisting of hypahe (example is aspergillus spp)

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4
Q

how do encapsulated yeast reproduce

A

by budding

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5
Q

how does cryptococcus neoformans reproduce

A

by budding

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6
Q

what is the major polysaccharide in yeast

A

glucouronoxylomannan

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7
Q

cryptoccuus neoformans is found mainly found in

A

soil and bird feces (pigeons)

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8
Q

where does cryptocuccus neoformans enter

A

the lungs and then disseminates into the CNS

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9
Q

what is the most significant clinical disease caused by cryptococcal neoformans

A

meningitis in AIDS pts.

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10
Q

it stains with india ink

A

C neoformans

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11
Q

what is C neoformans cultured on

A

saburoud dextrose yeast agar

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12
Q

CSF positive for C neoformans reveals

A

increased protein and WBC’s and low glucose

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13
Q

how do you treat C neoformans in AIDS pts

A

amphotercin B + flucytosine (10 weeks) and flucoanzole for life

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14
Q

how do you treat immunocompetent individuals with C neoformans

A

amphotercin B + flucytosine for 4-6 weeks (flucanzole for 8 weeks)

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15
Q

who are at risk for developing cryptococcal gatti

A

steroid use, and pts with underlying pulmonary disease

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16
Q

is associated with birds and leaf litter around trees

A

cryptococcus gatti

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17
Q

what is the drug of choice for cryptococcus gatti

A

amphotercin B

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18
Q

is a dimorphic fungus of the southwest united states

A

coccidioides immitis

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19
Q

what type of pathogen is coccidioides immitis

A

mainly a pulmonary pathogen

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20
Q

spherules

A

coccioides immitis

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21
Q

how do you treat coccidioides immitis

A

lifelong fluconazole with intrathecal amphotericin B

22
Q

found in Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river basins

A

histoplasma capsulatum

23
Q

what clinical disease does coccidioides cause

A

pulmonary pathogen, meningitis in IC patients

24
Q

treatment for histoplasma capsulatum

A

liposomal amphotericin B in DOC

25
Q

broad based budding yeast

A

blastomyces

26
Q

intracellular yeast

A

histoplasmosis

27
Q

causes a skin infection that can disseminate to the meninges

A

blastomyces dermatidis

28
Q

what is the treatment for blastomyces

A

amphotericin B and then fluconazole

29
Q

candida albicans causes

A

rare meningitis

30
Q

found in soil and fresh water ponds, and lakes and is also associated with net pot use

A

naegleria fowleri

31
Q

what are the three stages of N fowleri

A

amobeboid, flagellated and cyst form

32
Q

CSF contents in patients infected with N fowleri

A

neutrophils and RBC’ present, increased protein, and decreased glucose, trophozoites and gram negative stain

33
Q

what is the DOC for N fowelri infeciton

A

amphotericin B

34
Q

concurrent skin lesions or pulmonary rales

A

acanthomoeba infection

35
Q

patients at risk for acanthomaoeba

A

AIDS, cancer, transplant, diabetes, SLE, and steroids

36
Q

microscopy revelas trophozoites

A

n fowleri

37
Q

microscpy reveals trophs and cysts

A

acanthomoeba

38
Q

causes GAE and skin lesions and is NOT associated with keratitis

A

balamuthia

39
Q

thin smear

A

identifies the species of malria under high magnification

40
Q

thick smear

A

concentration method to detect organisms

41
Q

tachyzoites

A

proliferating trophozoites

42
Q

toxoplasmosis is transmitted via

A

fecal oral in undercooked meat or contaminated cat feces

43
Q

AIDs patients infected with toxoplasmosis

A

encephalitis and neuropsychiatric symtpoms

44
Q

ring enhancing lesions

A

toxoplasmosis of AIDS pts

45
Q

what is treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine and sulfonamide

46
Q

chancre at site of inoculation is characteristic of

A

T bruceii

47
Q

geimsa stained smear

A

T brucei

48
Q

what is the drug of choice for T brucei

A

melarsoprol especialy when there is CNS involvement

49
Q

how do you treat meurocysticerocosis

A

praziquantel or albendazole

50
Q

infection from eating raw mollusks contaminted rat feces

A

helminths eosinophilc menigitis

51
Q

where is angiostrongylus cantnesis (rat lungworm)

A

common to southeast asia

52
Q

rat lungworm

A

angiostrongylus cantonesis

Clinical Neurosciences (16 decks)

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