Fungus and Parasitic Infections

Question 1

general definition of a yeast

Answer 1

unicellular which reproduces by budding or fission

Question 2

cryptococcus neoformans is a

Answer 2

yeast

Question 3

general definition of a mold

Answer 3

multicellular, filaments consisting of hypahe (example is aspergillus spp)

Question 4

how do encapsulated yeast reproduce

Answer 4

by budding

Question 5

how does cryptococcus neoformans reproduce

Answer 5

by budding

Question 6

what is the major polysaccharide in yeast

Answer 6

glucouronoxylomannan

Question 7

cryptoccuus neoformans is found mainly found in

Answer 7

soil and bird feces (pigeons)

Question 8

where does cryptocuccus neoformans enter

Answer 8

the lungs and then disseminates into the CNS

Question 9

what is the most significant clinical disease caused by cryptococcal neoformans

Answer 9

meningitis in AIDS pts.

Question 10

it stains with india ink

Answer 10

C neoformans

Question 11

what is C neoformans cultured on

Answer 11

saburoud dextrose yeast agar

Question 12

CSF positive for C neoformans reveals

Answer 12

increased protein and WBC’s and low glucose

Question 13

how do you treat C neoformans in AIDS pts

Answer 13

amphotercin B + flucytosine (10 weeks) and flucoanzole for life

Question 14

how do you treat immunocompetent individuals with C neoformans

Answer 14

amphotercin B + flucytosine for 4-6 weeks (flucanzole for 8 weeks)

Question 15

who are at risk for developing cryptococcal gatti

Answer 15

steroid use, and pts with underlying pulmonary disease

Question 16

is associated with birds and leaf litter around trees

Answer 16

cryptococcus gatti

Question 17

what is the drug of choice for cryptococcus gatti

Answer 17

amphotercin B

Question 18

is a dimorphic fungus of the southwest united states

Answer 18

coccidioides immitis

Question 19

what type of pathogen is coccidioides immitis

Answer 19

mainly a pulmonary pathogen

Question 20

spherules

Answer 20

coccioides immitis

Question 21

how do you treat coccidioides immitis

Answer 21

lifelong fluconazole with intrathecal amphotericin B

Question 22

found in Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river basins

Answer 22

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 23

what clinical disease does coccidioides cause

Answer 23

pulmonary pathogen, meningitis in IC patients

Question 24

treatment for histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 24

liposomal amphotericin B in DOC

Question 25

broad based budding yeast

Answer 25

blastomyces

Question 26

intracellular yeast

Answer 26

histoplasmosis

Question 27

causes a skin infection that can disseminate to the meninges

Answer 27

blastomyces dermatidis

Question 28

what is the treatment for blastomyces

Answer 28

amphotericin B and then fluconazole

Question 29

candida albicans causes

Answer 29

rare meningitis

Question 30

found in soil and fresh water ponds, and lakes and is also associated with net pot use

Answer 30

naegleria fowleri

Question 31

what are the three stages of N fowleri

Answer 31

amobeboid, flagellated and cyst form

Question 32

CSF contents in patients infected with N fowleri

Answer 32

neutrophils and RBC' present, increased protein, and decreased glucose, trophozoites and gram negative stain

Question 33

what is the DOC for N fowelri infeciton

Answer 33

amphotericin B

Question 34

concurrent skin lesions or pulmonary rales

Answer 34

acanthomoeba infection

Question 35

patients at risk for acanthomaoeba

Answer 35

AIDS, cancer, transplant, diabetes, SLE, and steroids

Question 36

microscopy revelas trophozoites

Answer 36

n fowleri

Question 37

microscpy reveals trophs and cysts

Answer 37

acanthomoeba

Question 38

causes GAE and skin lesions and is NOT associated with keratitis

Answer 38

balamuthia

Question 39

thin smear

Answer 39

identifies the species of malria under high magnification

Question 40

thick smear

Answer 40

concentration method to detect organisms

Question 41

tachyzoites

Answer 41

proliferating trophozoites

Question 42

toxoplasmosis is transmitted via

Answer 42

fecal oral in undercooked meat or contaminated cat feces

Question 43

AIDs patients infected with toxoplasmosis

Answer 43

encephalitis and neuropsychiatric symtpoms

Question 44

ring enhancing lesions

Answer 44

toxoplasmosis of AIDS pts

Question 45

what is treatment for toxoplasmosis

Answer 45

pyrimethamine and sulfonamide

Question 46

chancre at site of inoculation is characteristic of

Answer 46

T bruceii

Question 47

geimsa stained smear

Answer 47

T brucei

Question 48

what is the drug of choice for T brucei

Answer 48

melarsoprol especialy when there is CNS involvement

Question 49

how do you treat meurocysticerocosis

Answer 49

praziquantel or albendazole

Question 50

infection from eating raw mollusks contaminted rat feces

Answer 50

helminths eosinophilc menigitis

Question 51

where is angiostrongylus cantnesis (rat lungworm)

Answer 51

common to southeast asia

Question 52

rat lungworm

Answer 52

angiostrongylus cantonesis