Fungus

Question 1

mantle

Answer 1

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.

Question 2

nail matrix

Answer 2

the nail matrix is the area where your fingernails and toenails start to grow

Question 3

nail root

Answer 3

Nail root: The root of the nail is also known as the germinal matrix. Its edge appears as a white crescent, known as the lunula. The root portion of this nail lies below the skin, underneath the nail, and extends several millimeters into the finger. It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.

Question 4

nail bed

Answer 4

the formative layer of cells underlying the fingernail or toenail.

Question 5

nail plate

Answer 5

he nail plate (corpus unguis) is the hard part of the nail, made of translucent keratin protein. Several layers of dead, compacted cells cause the nail to be strong but flexible. Its (transverse) shape is determined by the form of the underlying bone.

Question 6

lunula

Answer 6

white area at the base of the fingernail

Question 7

eponychium

Answer 7

In human anatomy, the eponychium is the thickened layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails. It can also be called the medial or proximal nail fold.

Question 8

cuticle

Answer 8

a protective and waxy or hard layer covering the epidermis of a plant, invertebrate, or shell

Question 9

nail grooves

Answer 9

This lies alongside of the edge of the nail plate. The function of the nail groove is to keep the nail growing in a straight line.

Question 10

side walls

Answer 10

The sidewall is the skin on either side of the nail plate, also known as the lateral nail fold, acts as a barrier against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The sidewall is also the part of the nail that extends out from the physical sidewall.

Question 11

perionychium

Answer 11

The tissue surrounding the nail, whether it be a fingernail or a toenail, including the tissue bordering the root and sides of the nail.

Question 12

free edge

Answer 12

The Nail Free Edge, also known as the Free Nail Angle, of the nail is the part of the lamina that protrudes from the nail bed; it is therefore a “dead” and painless part of the nail.

Question 13

hyponychium

Answer 13

The hyponychium is the skin just under the free edge of your nail. It’s located just beyond the distal end of your nail bed, near your fingertip.

Question 14

onychosis

Answer 14

Onycholysis is characterized by a spontaneous separation of the nail plate starting at the distal free margin and progressing proximally. In onycholysis, the nail plate is separated from the underlying and/or lateral supporting structures

Question 15

etiology

Answer 15

a branch of medical science concerned with the causes and origins of diseases.

Question 16

6 signs of infection

Answer 16

Fever (this is sometimes the only sign of an infection).
Chills and sweats.
Change in cough or a new cough.
Sore throat or new mouth sore.
Shortness of breath.
Nasal congestion.

Question 17

Onychomycosis

Answer 17

Fungus infection of the nail bed under the fingernails or toenails

Question 18

Tinea Manus

Answer 18

Tinea manuum is a fungal infection of the hands. Tinea is also called ringworm, and manuum refers to it being on the hands.

Question 19

Tinea Pedis

Answer 19

ringworm of feet

Question 20

Paronychia

Answer 20

Paronychia is an infection of the tissue adjacent to a nail, most often a fingernail. It’s caused by injury or irritation, such as a hangnail, cuticle damage, or continually wet hands.

Question 21

Onychoptosis

Answer 21

Onychoptosis is the periodic shedding and falling of one or more nails, in whole or part.

Question 22

Onychia

Answer 22

inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail

Question 23

Onychatrophia

Answer 23

s an atrophy or wasting Away of the nail plate which causes it to lose its luster, become smaller and sometimes shed entirely. injury or disease may account for this irregularity.

Question 24

Onycholysis

Answer 24

Onycholysis is characterized by a spontaneous separation of the nail plate starting at the distal free margin and progressing proximally

Question 25

Blue Nails

Answer 25

Blue fingernails are caused by a low level or lack of oxygen circulating in your red blood cells

Question 26

Eggshell Nails

Answer 26

Hapalonychia causes your nails to be soft and thin. Nails affected by this condition tend to bend or break more easily than healthy nails, and often split or flake at the end.

Question 27

Corrugations

Answer 27

molded into tight ridges and valleys.

Question 28

Kolionychia

Answer 28

also known as spoon nails, is a nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 29

Furrows

Answer 29

ransverse lines or grooves across the fingernails; transverse depressions in the nail plate caused by temporary cessation of cell division in the proximal nail matrix.

Question 30

Onychogryposis

Answer 30

Onychogryphosis is a nail disease that causes one side of the nail to grow faster than the other

Question 31

Onychocryptosis

Answer 31

A condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the flesh

Question 32

Melanonychia

Answer 32

brown-black discoloration of the nail plate and the pigment referred to is conventionally melanin

Question 33

Onychauxis

Answer 33

nail disorder that causes fingernails or toenails to grow abnormally thick

Question 34

Agnails or Hangnails

Answer 34

A hangnail is a tiny, torn piece of skin, more specifically eponychium or paronychium, next to a fingernail or toenail

Question 35

Bruised Nails or Splinter Hemorrhages

Answer 35

Splinter hemorrhages are tiny blood spots that appear underneath the nail

Question 36

Leukonychia

Answer 36

Leukonychia is a condition where white lines or dots appear on your finger or toenails

Question 37

Pterygium

Answer 37

Pterygium is a nail abnormality that is either dorsal or ventral depending on the site of involvement.

Question 38

Beau’s Lines

Answer 38

Transverse lines or grooves across the fingernails, or transverse depressions in the nail plate, from temporary disturbance of cell division where the nail develops.

Question 39

Onychophagy

Answer 39

oral compulsive habit of biting one’s fingernails

Question 40

Onychorrhexis

Answer 40

condition that causes vertical ridges to form on the fingernails.