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Microbiology and Parasitology > Fungivirus > Flashcards

Fungivirus Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic cells that lack chlorophyll. Thus they cannot generate energy through photosynthesis. They do require an aerobic environment.

A

Fungi

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2
Q

Unicellular growth form of fungi
+ can appear spherical to ellipsoidal

A

Yeast

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3
Q

When buds do not separate, they can form long chains of yeast cells, which are called pseudohyphae. It can reproduce by budding. Usually grown at body temperatures.

A

Yeast

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4
Q

Hyphae

A

Threadlike, branching, cylindrical, tubules composed of fungal cells attached end to end. These grow by extending in length from the tips of the tubules.

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5
Q

Other name for Molds

A

Mycelia

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6
Q

Molds

A

Multicellular colonies composed of clumps of intertwined branching
hyphae.
+ can grow longitudinally and produce spores

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7
Q

The reproducing bodies of molds. Rarely seen in skin scrapings.

A

Spores

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8
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A

Fungi that can grow as either a yeast or mold, depending on environmental conditions and temperature.

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9
Q

Fungi that live in and utilize organic matter (soil, rotten vegetation) as an energy source.

A

Saprophytes

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10
Q

Innermost Layer Around the fungal cytoplasm. It contains sterols which are also found in cell membranes of humans and mycoplasmas.

A

Cell Membrane

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11
Q

Ergosterol

A

essential sterol in fungi

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

essential sterol in humans

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13
Q

Amphotericin B and nystatin

A

bind to ergosterol and punch holes in fungal cell membrane

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14
Q

ketoconazole

A

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

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15
Q

Surrounds the cell membrane of fungi composed mostly of carbohydrate with some proteins. Potent antigens to the human immune system.

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

Polysaccharide coating that surrounds the cell wall

A

capsule

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17
Q

an antiphagocytic virulence factor that is employed by Cryptococcus neoformans that can be visualized by India ink stain

A

Capsule

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18
Q

Examples of superficial fungus infections

A

Pityriasis vesicolor
tinea nigra

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19
Q

Superficial infections primary manifestations

A

pigment change of the skin

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20
Q

T/F. The symptoms of superficial infections are rashes, redness, and a wheal. A skin pigment change is also visible.

A

False. Only pigment change is noted.

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21
Q

Pityriasis vesicolor manifestations

A

multicolor

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22
Q

Tinea nigra manifestations

A

black color

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23
Q

A chronic superficial fungal infection which leads to hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on the skin.

A

Pityriasis vesicolor

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24
Q

Other name for pityriasis versicolor

A

tinea versicolor

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25
Causative agent for Pityriais versicolor
Malassezia furfur
26
Sunlight exposure the skin around the patches will tan but the patches will remain white
Pityriasis versicolor
27
Superficial infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of hands and feet
Tinea nigra
28
Causative agent for Tinea nigra
Exophiala werneckii
29
How to examine superficial infections of fungi?
examination of skin scrapings, mixed on a slide with potassium hydroxide
30
What does KOH on fungi reveal?
hyphae and spherical yeast as it digests nonfungal debris
31
Photo of Malessezia on microscope
Spaghetti (hyphae) with meatballs (spherical yeast)
32
How to treat superficial infections?
Imidazoles
33
a category of cutaneous fungal infections caused by more than 30 species of fungi
dermatophytoses
34
where do dermatophytic fungi live in?
in the dead, horny layer of the skin, hair, and nails
35
What do dermatophytoses secrete to digest keratin?
keratinase
36
Manifestation of dermatophytoses
scaling of the skin, loss of hair, and crumbling of nails
37
Most common types of dermatophytes
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
38
Tinea corporis (body)
forms red ring shaped with a raised border - the border represents areas of active inflammation with a healing center
39
Tinea corporis other name
ring worm
40
Tinea cruris
patients develop itchy red patches on the groin and scrotum
41
Tinea cruris other name
Jock itch
42
Tinea pedis known as
athlete's foot
43
Athlete's foot
commonly begins between the toes, and causes cracking and peeling of the skin
44
Tinea pedis infection requires
warmth and moisture
45
condition primarily occurs in children, infecting organisms grow in the hair and scalp, this results to scaly red lesions with loss of hair
tinea capitis
46
Tinea unguium also known as
onychomycosis
47
nails are thickened, discolored, and brittle
tinea unguium
48
How to diagnose dermatophyte infection?
Dissolving of skin scrapings in KOH. KOH then digests keratin
49
What does microscopic infection of dermatophyte reveal?
Branched hyphae
50
Other way to diagnose dermatophyte infection
Direct examination of hair and skin with Wood's light (ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 365nm)
51
Dermatophyte infection species microsporum
fluoresce a brilliant green
52
First line of tx for dermatophytoses
topical Imidazole skin should be kept dry and exposed to the drying effects of the air
53
Tx for tinea capitis unguium and tinea capitis
oral griseofulvin
54
MOA of Griseofulvin
It incorporates to newly synthesized keratin layers and inhibit growth of fungi. Skin fungi is only cleared after old keratin is replaced.
55
Where can candida albicans infect to?
mouth (oral thrush) groin (Diaper rash) vagina (candida vaginits)
56
What causes candida albicans to develop?
Steroid - inflammation - compromise immune system - develop candida albicans
57
What can candida albicans also cause?
cause opportunistic systemic infections
58
How can subcutaneous fungal infections gain entrance to the body?
Trauma to skin
59
T/F. Cutaneous protozoal infections usually remain localized to the subcutaneous tissue or spread along lymphatics to local nodes.
False. Subcutaneous fungal infections
60
Sporothrix schenckii also known as
gardener's disease
61
Other name for sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis
62
What does the microscopic examination of sporotrichosis reveal?
Yeast cells that reproduce by budding
63
Tx for sporothrix schenckii
Potassium iodide or amphotericin B
64
Temperature at which Sporothrix schenckii reveals yeast culture
37 degrees celsius
65
What does culture of sporothrix schenckii at 25 degrees reveal?
branching hyphae (dimorphism)
66
Phialophora and Cladosporium (Chromoblastomycosis) are found on?
rotting wood
67
How does chromblastomycosis act?
1. Small violet wartlike lesion develops 2. Over months to years, additional violete lesions arise 3. Clusters resemble cauliflower 4. If scraped with KOH reveal copper colored sclerotic bodies
68
Tx of phialophora and cladosporium
Itraconazole and local excision
69
Causative agents that cause systemic fungal infections
Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitides Coccidioides immitis
70
Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitides Coccidioides immitis dimorphic or monomorphic fungi?
All 3 are dimorphic fungi.
71
Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitides Coccidioides immitis Grows mycelial forms with spores in?
25°C on Sabouraud's agar
72
Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitides Coccidioides immitis Grow in yeast form on?
37°C on blood agar
73
Mechanism of Systemic Fungal Disease
All 3 are acquired by inhalation. Inhaled as a spore form Never transmitted from person to person. Spore - aerosolized from soil, bird droppings,or vegetation
74
Systemic fungal disease cause disease in
lungs skin bones meninges
75
Histoplasma capsulatum
Non encapsulated present in bird and bat droppings, outbreak of pneumonia occur when cleaning chicken coops or spelunking
76
Blastomyces dermatitides
Isolated from soil and rotten wood Rarest SFI Rarely asymptomatic Chronic disease leads to weight loss, night sweats, lung involvement, and skin ulcers
77
Coccidioides immitis
cause mild pneumonia in normal persons opportunistic infection in AIDS patients from that area
78
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cryptococcosis)
a polysaccharide yeast similar to histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidioides
79
Cryptococcosis entry and symptoms
inhaled through lungs and infection is asymptomatic
80
Cryptococcosis major manifestation
like meningoencephalitis

Microbiology and Parasitology (2 decks)

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