Fungiii Flashcards
Perfect fungi
Reproduce asexually and sexually
Imperfect only asexually ( deuteromycetes)
Asexual reproduction
Yeast - Unicellular
Fragmentation, budding and producing spores - most common
Budding somatic cells
Fragment - fragments of the fungal structure break-off growth of new colonies
Imperfect fungi
Most live on land, with a few aquatic exceptions.
- form visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance molds
large impact on everyday human life.
- food industry relies on them for ripening some cheeses.
Habitat
Most fungi grows on the forest floor
Fungus cell wall & cellmembrane
- Fungi has thick cell walls made of chitlin & glucans ( polysaccharides)
cell membrane has ergosterol for stability
Have bright colored pigments red green & black in cell walls
To protect against harmful uv rays
Parasitic fungi
Infect animals/ plants
Smut affects plants
Dutch elm affects elm trees
Athlete’s foot (a skin infection)
nitrogen-poor environments, some fungi may prey on nematodes
Fungi survival p
Requires oxygen to survive
Chytrids
Strurelarlly & ecologically similar to protists
Majority unicellular
Only fungi that retained a flagella
both male and female gametes are flagellated.
Most primitive & simplest
Saprobes & parasitic
Land & aquatic
glomeromycetes
Supply essential materials to their symbiotic host plants
plants supply carbon source and energy in the form of carbohydrates to the fungus
Imperfect
Zygomycetes
Most are saprobes
Conjugated fungi
Type of bread molds
surfaces of bread, fruits, and vegetables
feed off of decaying organic material.
Allomyces
an experimental organism.
both asexual and sexual phases.
Allomyces produces diploid or haploid flagellated zoospores in a sporangium.
Ascus
sac-like structures that contain haploid ascospores.
Use conida for a sexual reproduction.
yeasts, truffles, and morels.
Basidiomycota
Most edible fungi
A mushroom is fruiting body of a secondary mycelium that protrudes above ground.
Cub bodies “fairy ring” - basidiocarp
easily recognizable under a light microscope
mushroom-producing basidiomyces are sometimes referred to as “gill fungi”
penicillin
discovered on an overgrown Petri plate,
which a colony of Penicillium fungi had killed the bacterial growth surrounding it.
Deuteromycota (imperfect)
Invalid taxon
Molding
Huge human impact food industry cheese, medical penicillin
live on land, with a few aquatic exceptions.
form visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance and are commonly known as mold.
Ascomycota
The majority of known fungi are sac fungi.
Aspergillus
common food contaminant.
Saccharomyces
yeast used to make bread and beer.
Digestion & nutrients
Fungi produce exoenzymes to help with digestion
Exoenzymes - “so called” because they are use outside the fungal cell to digest nutrients.
Lichens
mistakenly considered individual organisms
have either an Ascomycota or Zygomycota partner and a photosynthetic organism.
can survive in the most unusual and hostile habitats.
Without fungi how many % of trees will die
80-90%
Elements
nitrogen and phosphorus are rerealsed by fungi
Animal pathogens
better organism for use in recombinant DNA technology experiments.
Yeast
better organism for use in recombinant DNA technology experiments.
