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Pest Management > Fungicides > Flashcards

Fungicides Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of Mode of Action

A

Topical and Biochemical

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2
Q

Contact Fungicide: Inorganics

A

copper hydroxide

lime-sulfer

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3
Q

Contact Fungicide: Aromatic hyrdocarbons

A

PCNB
ethazole
chloroneb

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4
Q

Contact Fungicide: Chloronitrile

A

Chlorothalonil

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5
Q

Contact Fungicide: Dithiocarbomates

A

mancozeb

thiram

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6
Q

Penetrant Fungicides

A

Toxic effect on the fungus occurs on the inside of

the plant

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7
Q

Localized Penetrant

A

absorbed but not moved

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8
Q

Acropetal Penetrant

A

absorbed and moved through xylem

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9
Q

Systemic Penetrant

A

absorbed into cells (symplastic transport) and

follows the transport of sugars into the phloem

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10
Q

Local Penetrant: Dicarboximides

A

vinclozolin, iprodione

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11
Q

Local Penetrant: Phenylpyrroles

A

fludioxonil

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12
Q

Local Penetrant: Polyoxins

A

polyoxin-D

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13
Q

Local Penetrant: QoI:

A

pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin

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14
Q

Local Penetrant: QiI:

A

cyazofamid

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15
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: - Benzamide

A

fluopicolide

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16
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: Carbamate:

A

propamocarb-HCl

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17
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: DMI:

A

fenarimol, metconazole, myclobutanil,
propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon,
triticonazole

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18
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: MBC:

A

benomyl, thiophanate-methyl

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19
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: Phenylamide

A

metalaxyl, mefenoxam

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20
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: SDHI:

A

boscalid, flutolanil

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21
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: - Qoi

A

azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin

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22
Q

Systemic Penetrant: Phosphonate:

A

fosetyl aluminum,

phosphonic acid

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23
Q

Biochemical Mode of Action

A

Refers to the toxic effect on the metabolism
of the target pathogen
− Multi-site vs. site-specific toxicants

24
Q

Milti-site Toxin

A
  • affects multiple metabolic sites
    − usually kills fungus and might kill plant
    − contact phytomobility
    − little chance of resistance
25
Q

Site-Specific Toxin

A

− affects single metabolic site or biochemical target
− many fungistatic; stop fungal growth = no kill
− penetrant phytomobility
− high likelyhood of resistance

26
Q

Fungicide Resistance

A

A stable, inheritable adjustment by the pest

population to the toxic effects of the pesticide

27
Q

Some fungi are naturally _____

A

resistant

28
Q

Monogenic resistance

A

is the result of a change in a single major gene

− resistance development is rapid

29
Q

Polygenic resistance

A

result of a change in several minor genes

− resistance development is gradual

30
Q

Cross resistance

A

resistance to more than one type of fungicide is

mediated by the same genetic factors

31
Q

Multiple resistance

A

individuals or strains in a fungal population
are resistant or insensitive to materials in several
chemical classes

32
Q

Fungicide Resistance Action Committee

A

FRAC MOA codes

FRAC resistance Groups

33
Q

Chemical Class: Aromatic hyrdocarbons

A

chloroneb, ethazole, quintozene

“They Kill Shit”

34
Q

Chemical Class: Benzamides

A

fluopicolide

35
Q

Chemical Class: Carbamates

A

propamocarb-HLC

“banol”

36
Q

Chemical Class: Chloronitriles

A

chlorothalonil

“daconil”

37
Q

Chemical Class: Demethylation inhibitors (DMI)

A

sterole inhibitors, triazoles
fungistat- fungus cant multiply
“fenarimol, myclobutanil, metaconazole,
propiconazole, triademefon, triticonazole”

38
Q

Chemical Class: Dicarboximides

A

iprodione, vinclozalin
local phytomobility
moderate to- high risk of resistance

39
Q

Chemical Class: Dinitro-anilines

A

fluazinam

contact phytomobility

40
Q

Chemical Class: Dithiocarbamates

A

mancozeb, maneb, ziram, ferbam, thiram

contact phytomobility

41
Q

Chemical Class: Inorganics

A

sulfur (M2) - lime sulfur (calcium polysulfate)
copper (M1) - copper hydroxide, copper sulfate and lime
contact phytomobility

42
Q

Chemical Class: Methyl benzamidazole carbamates

A 
benomyl, thiophanate-methyl 
acropetal phytomobility (first one)
43
Q

Chemical Class: Phenylamides

A

metalaxyl, mefenoxam
acropetal phytomobility
Pythium control

44
Q

Chemical Class: Phenylpyrroles

A

fludioxonil
stabilized toxin (pyrollnitrin) from bacterium
Pseudomonas pyrocinia
Local phytomobility

45
Q

Chemical Class: Phosphonates

A

fosetyl-al and other phosphite salts

systemic phytomobility

46
Q

Chemical Class: Polyoxins

A

polyoxin-D (one of several polyoxins)
antibiotic from Streptomyces cacao var. asoensis
Local phytomobility

47
Q

Chemical Class: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI)

A

boscalid, flutalonil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad
− acropetal phytomobility
Carboximides

48
Q

Chemical Class:Quinone inside inhibitors (QiI)

A

cyazofamid

local phytomobility

49
Q

Chemical Class: Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI)

A

strobilurins
azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxystrobin
− acropetal and local phytomobility
− blocks ATP (energy) production

50
Q

Tactics to minimize resistance

A

– Do not rely on fungicides alone for control!
− Rotate materials with different target sites
− Mix multi-site and single-site products
− Use label specified rates and dilution
− Treat uniformly and get good coverage
− Treat preventively; use a program approach

51
Q

Fungicide Efficacy

A

How well the material works

52
Q

Fungicide Use Rates

A

Preventive (proactive) - low rate

Curative (reactive) - high rate

53
Q

Dilution Rates

A

Dilute the fungicede!!!!!!!

54
Q

Tank Mixing Pros

A 
− Time and labor reductions 
− Synergy between products 
− Higher efficacy 
− Broad spectrum control 
− Resistance management
55
Q

Tank Mixing Cons

A

− Incompatibility

physical, chemical, phytoxicity

56
Q

What kind of nozzle for the best coverage?

A

Flat fan nozzles provide the best coverage. Coverage is KEY!!

Pest Management (4 decks)

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