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BDI > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Component of fungal cell membrane

A

Ergosterol

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2
Q

Oropharyngeal, Esophageal, Cutaneous (skin folds/moist areas), Vaginitis, UTI, Peritonitis (intra-abdominal infection), CNS infection (following intracranial surgery/shunt placement)

A

Candida

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3
Q

Candidemia, Hepatosplenic, Osteoarticular, Endophthalmitis, Endocarditis

A

Systemic candidiasis

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4
Q

Germ Tube

A

Used to identify Candida Albicans in cultures

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5
Q

1,3 beta-D-glucan

A

Fungal cell wall component used to identify Candida, Pneumocystis Jirovecci, and Aspergillosis

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6
Q

Cryptococcus Pathogenesis

A

Thick polysaccharide capsule, Melanin deposited in cell wall

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7
Q

Lung (asymptomatic to severe pneumonia), CNS (Elevated cranial pressure, propensity to infect CNS possibly due to melanin)

A

Cryptococcosis

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8
Q

Pneumonia: Serum cryptococcal antigen, CNS: lumbar puncture/CSF cryptococcal antigen

A

Cryptococcus

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9
Q

Opportunistic, causes bilateral pneumonia in susceptible hosts

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecci

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10
Q

Cannot be cultured, identified on GMS stain, 1,3 beta-D-glucan levels elevated

A

Pneumocystis

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11
Q

Cutaneous infection, hypo or hyperpigmented scaled macules/altered melanin production (systemic infection rare)

A

Malassezia fufur/Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor

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12
Q

“Spaghettis and meatballs” yeast with KOH prep, Wood lamp (Cultures require lipids to grow)

A

Malassezia furfur

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13
Q

Tinea capitis, Tinea barae, Tinea corporis, Tinea cruis, Tinea pedis, Tinea unguium

A

Dermatophytes

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14
Q

Mycetismus

A

Poisoning by ingestion of fruiting bodies (Mushroom poisoning)

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15
Q

Mycotoxicosis

A

Intoxication by eating food contaminated with a mycotoxin (Aflatoxin,Psilocybin)

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16
Q

Latex agglutination (detects cryptococcal antigen in CSF), Serum galactomannan (Detects antigen from Aspergillus hyphae)

A

Serological Fungal Antigen Testing

17
Q

KOH preparation

A

Keratinized tissues (Skin, Hair, Nails), detects dermatophytes and cutaneous yeast

18
Q

Known Fungal Virulence Factors

A

Keratinase (dermatophytes), Phospholipases (Candida)

19
Q

Yeast vs. Filamentous fungi (molds)

A

Typically round or oval, reproduce by budding vs. Tubular appearance (hyphae), grow by branching and extension

20
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A

Molds at room temp., yeasts at body temp,

Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Sporothrix

21
Q

Found in chicken and bat droppings, “narrow budding”, survive within lung macrophages, majority of cases are asymptomatic or self-limiting pulmonary infections

A

Histoplasma

22
Q

Culture on Sabouraud agar, Histoplasma antigen (urine, serum)

A

Histoplasma

23
Q

Inhaled conidia, shedding of WI-1 (cell wall glycoprotein that promotes macrophage adhesion)

A

Blastomycoses

24
Q

Fungal Cell Wall Component

A

Glucans, chitin

25
Q

Blastomycosis: Spectrum of Disease

A

Pneumonia (most common), Cutaneous, Bone, CNS

26
Q

Culture on SA agar, “Broad Based Budding yeast”, Blastomyces antigen (urine, serum)

A

Blastomycoses

27
Q

Produce ammonia via urease to create an alkaline environment, develop into spherules that produce endospores (spread infections)

A

Coccidioidomycoses

28
Q

“Valley fever”, Pneumonia, Eosinophilic meningitis, Cutaneous, most patients are asymptomatic, can reactivate if immunosuppressed

A

Coccidioidomycoses

29
Q

Cultures are not sensitive, Serology enzyme linked immunoassays

A

Coccidioidomycoses

30
Q

Sporotrichosis

A

Associated with rose gardeners, chronic nodular/ulcerative sites travel up lymphatics (diagnosed by cultures)

31
Q

Source: Inhaled from environment
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (not a cause of invasive disease), Pneumonia, Invasive sinusitis, Cerebral aspergillosis (hematogenous spread to brain)

A

Aspergillus

32
Q

Galactomannan (Aspergillus antigen) from serum, 1,3 beta-D-glucan

A

Aspergillus diagnosis

33
Q

Rhino-orbital-cerebral disease (most common, face pain, blurry vision), Pulmonary, Cutaneous (necrotizing fasciitis/necrotic lesion), GI (necrotizing enterocolitis)

A

Mucormycoses

34
Q

Very high mortality rate, 1/2 cases diagnosed post-mortem, Galactomannan and 1,3 beta-D-glucan negative

A

Mucormycoses

35
Q

Filamentous Fungi

A

Aspergillus (septated hyphae, acute angle branching)

Mucormyces (Non-septated, ribbon like)

36
Q

Candida Characteristics

A

Normal Flora in GI tract and skin, pseudohyphae

BDI (6 decks)

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