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Exam 2 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycelium

A

Mass of connected hyphae

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2
Q

What is found in fungal cell walls?

A

Chitin

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3
Q

Where is chitin also found

A

Exoskeletons of Arthropods

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4
Q

What part of mushrooms do we eat

A

Reproductive part

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5
Q

Why are fungi important

A

They break down cellulose

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6
Q

What do carnivorous fungi break down?

A

Protein

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7
Q

Why do fungi kill bacteria

A

Arms race to decompose

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8
Q

Why is it hard to kill fungi in humans?

A

They are eukaryotic just like humans

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9
Q

What does yeast ferment?

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

What can you infer about an area with few lichen?

A

The area is polluted

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11
Q

What do ruminants break down?

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

What do ruminants have in their guts that help them break down cellulose

A

Fungi

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13
Q

What kind of relationship do leafcutters have with fungi?

A

Mutualistic

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14
Q

How many nucleus can a hyphae have?

A

More than one

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15
Q

What does monokaryotic mean?

A

1 nucleus

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16
Q

Dikaryotic meaning

A

2 nucleus

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17
Q

Heterokaryotic meaning

A

Nuclei from different individual

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18
Q

Homokaryotic meaning

A

Nuclei genetically similar

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19
Q

What is unusual about fungi mitosis

A

Cell is not relevant unit of reproduction

Nuclear envelope does not breakdown and reform

Spindle apparatus is formed within it

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20
Q

What type of cells are spores?

A

Haploid

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21
Q

How do spores form multicellular haploid individuals?

A

Through mitosis

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22
Q

How is mycorrhizae formed?

A

Roots of plant connect with underground parts of fungus

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23
Q

How does mycorrhizae aid the survival of both fungus and plants

A

They exchange nutrients and water

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24
Q

What does myco mean in Greek

A

Fungus

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25
Q

What does rhizo mean in Greek

A

Root

26
Q

What do ectomycorrhizae depend on?

A

Fungi enveloping on roots in sheath and Hattie net of hyphae that extends into roots between cells

27
Q

Glomeromycete fungi form vesicular interactions with what?

A

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

28
Q

What is the body of a lichen called?

A

Thallus

29
Q

How is a thallus (body of a lichen) formed of?

A

Hyphae wrapped around photosynthetic partner

30
Q

What do lichen produce?

A

Soredia

31
Q

What are soredia

A

Clusters of algae cells surrounded by mycelia

32
Q

What causes Dutch elm disease

A

The fungus ophiostoma ulmi

33
Q

What does Dutch elm disease affect?

A

It destroys species of elm

34
Q

What group are fungi?

A

Polyphyletic (share characteristics instead of single common ancestor)

35
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

36
Q

What do fungi lack that plant cells have

A

Chloroplasts and chlorophyll

37
Q

What do fungi have similar to plant cells

A

Rigid layers of cell walls

38
Q

What does chitin do for the cell walls of fungi

A

Gives structural strength

39
Q

What are fungal hyphae separated by

A

Ebdwalls called septa

40
Q

What allows the rapid flow of nutrients along the hypha

A

Tiny holes in septa

41
Q

What is coenocytic hyphae

A

The hyphae in bread molds

42
Q

What is ergosterol

A

The thing that stabilized structures in fungi

43
Q

What does ergosterol replace in animal cell membranes

A

Cholesterol

44
Q

What fungi can change from uni to multicellular depending on environmental conditions

A

Dimorphic fungi

45
Q

What are unicellular fungi generally referred to as

A

Yeasts

46
Q

Name of bakers yeast

A

Saccharomyces cerevisae

47
Q

What conditions can fungi grow in

A

Moist and slightly acidic and with or without light is

48
Q

What are most fungi oxygen requirements

A

Obligate aerobes (required oxygen to survive)

49
Q

What aerobe are yeasts

A

Facultative aerobes (grow w oxygen but can survive without)

50
Q

What do fungi use as a source of carbon

A

Complex organic compounds

51
Q

How do fungi obtain nitrogen

A

From their diet like animals

52
Q

How do fungi digest food in comparison to animals

A

They digest food in reverse digestion precedes ingestion

53
Q

What is a saprobe

A

Organisms that derive nutrients from decaying organic matter

54
Q

Where do saptobed obtain their nutrients

A

Decaying organic matter

55
Q

What are the 2 stages of fungi

A

Vegetative and reproductive

56
Q

How do fungi reproduce

A

Asexually and sexually

57
Q

How do fungi reproduce asexually

A

Fragmentation
Budding
Producing spores

58
Q

What is the only class in the phylum chytridimycota

A

Chytridiomycetes

59
Q

What role do zycometes play

A

They are the synthesis of semi synthetic steroid hormones

60
Q

What is an ascus

A

A sac like structure that contains haploid ascospores

61
Q

What roles do ascomytes play

A

Yeasts used in baking , brewing and wine fermenting

62
Q

What is apergillus oryzae jsed for

A

Fermentation of rice for sake

Exam 2 (5 decks)

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