Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biosciences > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

0
Q

What cells are fungi?

A

Eukaryotic cells so contain similar features to human cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What useful materials do fungi produce?

A

Food, chemicals and pharmaceuticals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do antifungal agents give rise to?

A

Toxic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do most antifungal agents target on the fungi?

A

Fungal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A characteristic of fungi is metabolism what is this?

A

Energy obtained from chemical reactions (rather than from photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fungi have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, what is this?

A

Absorb simple molecules from external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are fungi motile?

A

Generally not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cell wall of a fungi like?

A

Rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?

A

Some are unicellular and some are multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the cell wall of fungi contain?

A

Chitin - polymer of acetylglucosamine + cellulose and polymers of glucose (glucans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of fungi are yeast?

A

Microscopic - Unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of fungi are molds/mushrooms?

A

Macroscopic multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hyphae?

A

Cells of fungi that are in branching filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do yeast grow as hyphae?

A

No because they are unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do molds/mushrooms appear on hyphae?

A

Yes because they are multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is mycelium?

A

A thick Mass of hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What phases does a fungi life cycle involve?

A

Growth phase and reproductive phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are septa and what do they do?

A

Septa are cross walls they divide the cytoplasm into separate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are coenocytic?

A

Hyphae containing many nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most fungi are saprobes, what is this?

A

Any organism esp. A fu his or bacterium that live and feeds on dead organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do vegetative hyphae do?

A

Anchor the mold and used for absorbing nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are aerial hyphae?

A

Reproductive structures of the fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are spores formed?

A

At the tip of aerial hypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do spores give?

A

Colour to the fungal mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are fungi that do not possess septa called?

A

Fungi that lack these divisions are termed nonseptate or coenocytic hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the shape and the size of yeast cells?

A

Oval cells measuring 5-10 micrometers in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

Sexually and asexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can biphasic or dimorphic fungi form?

A

Can form a mycelium under particular environmental conditions and subsequently revert to a yeast form when exposed to other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Give an example of a biphasic or dimorphic fungi?

A

Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do fungi take up nutrients?

A

Through absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What temperature do most fungi grow best at?

A

Room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Are fungi aerobic?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where do psychrophilic fungi grow?

A

In the refrigerator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What pH do many fungi thrive at?

A

Slightly acidic pH (pH 5-6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive feature of a fungi which is a single cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are bacterial spores?

A

Resistance mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does a single spore have the capability to regenerate?

A

The entire mycelium of a fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are sporangia?

A

Sacs that asexual spores develop in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What happens in budding?

A

A blastospore develops from the parent cell

39
Q

What do fragments of hyphae yield?

A

arthrospores

40
Q

What is ergosterol?

A

A provitamins D2 a white crystalline organic solid belonging to the steroid family found only in fungi, and is chemically related to cholesterol

41
Q

How is ergosterol converted to vitamin D2?

A

By ultraviolet irradiation

42
Q

What is ergosterol produced by?

A

Yeast

43
Q

What is ergosterol used for?

A

As a vitamin D food supplement to alleviate tickets a deficiency disease of bond caused by lack of vitamin D in the diet

44
Q

How many phyla can fungi be classified in?

A

5

45
Q

What are the chytridiomycota related to?

A

The oldest known fungi

46
Q

What do chytridiomycota have?

A

They are primarily aquatic

They have flagellated reproductive cells

47
Q

What are Glomermycota?

A

Groups of mycorrhizae that live in over 80% of plants’ roots

48
Q

What do mitosporic fungi lack?

A

A sexual cycle of reproduction

49
Q

What are zygomycetes?

A

Terrestrial fungi that grow as mold on bread and produce

50
Q

What do zygomycetes form during sexual reproduction?

A

They form a heterokaryotic, diploid zygospore

51
Q

What percentage of know fungi does asomycetes account for?

A

75%

52
Q

Give examples of fungi that are ascomycetes.

A 
Bakers yeast
The fungus that produce aflatoxin
The edible morel
The mold that produces penicillin
Candida albicans, the cause of thrush, diaper rash and vaginitis
53
Q

By what reproduction does ascomycetes produce conidia?

A

Asexual reproduction

54
Q

By what reproduction does ascomycetes produce ascospores?

A

Sexual reproduction

55
Q

What are lichens?

A

Mutualistic association between a fungus (frequently an ascomycete) and a photosynthetic organism

56
Q

What are basidiomycetes?

A

Club fungi, incurring mushrooms and puffballs.

Some form mycorrhizae and others are plant pathogens.

57
Q

What do basidia on the gills of mushrooms caps contain?

A

Sexually-produced basidiospores

58
Q

What is saccharomyces?

A

A fungus that can ferment sugars

59
Q

What is S.cerevisiae?

A

A model eukaryotic organism they are used in bread backing and alcohol production

60
Q

What are fungal toxins called?

A

Mycotoxins which are poisonous or deadly when consumed

61
Q

What do Aspergillus flavus and A.parasiticus produce?

A

Carcinogenic aflatoxins which contaminate many agriculture products

62
Q

What is ergotism (poisoning) caused by?

A

Claviceps purpurea which grow on grains

63
Q

What can ergot in grains cause?

A

Numbness
Hot and cold sensations
Seizures
Paralysis of nerve endings

64
Q

What is Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?

A

A derivative of an alkaloid in ergot

65
Q

What does mushroom poisoning of mycetod million mimic? And what does it cause?

A

Mimics Acetylcholine affecting peripheral nervous system.

Causes hallucinations and produces intoxication

66
Q

What percentage of deaths form mushroom ingestion does Amanita cause?

A

90%

67
Q

What symptoms does Amanita cause?

A

Produces cramping, vomiting and diarrhoea.

In a week, leads to liver and kidney failure

68
Q

What is Dermatophtosis?

A

An infection of the body surface infections /ringworm a on the skin, hair or nails

69
Q

What can Dermatophtosis be transmitted by?

A

Domestic animals

Formites like floors,mats or towels

70
Q

What are symptoms of Dermatophtosis?

A

Blister-like lesions with a thin fluid discharge

71
Q

How can Dermatophtosis be treated?

A

Treatment involves changing the skin environment (moisture, pH, ect.)

72
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

A mild, superficial infection

73
Q

When can Candida albicans cause candidiasis in a individual?

A

When the immune system is compromised
Or
When microbial populations in the body change

74
Q

What is Vulvovaginitis? And what are symptoms?

A

A yeast infection.
Itching, burning , reddening
Swelling, discharge

75
Q

What may excessive antibiotics use cause?

A

Decrease of protective bacteria in the vagina and intestine, allowing C.albicans to flourish

76
Q

What does oral candidiasis (thrush) involve?

A

White curd-like growth in the mucous membrane of the mouth

77
Q

What does onychia involve?

A

Hardening, browsing , and distortion of fingernails

78
Q

What is sporotrichosis?

A

An occupational hazard that occurs in people who work with wood, wood products and soil

79
Q

What can infection with spores of sporotrichosis cause?

A

Pus-filled lesions

80
Q

Which individuals does cryptococcosis occur in?

A

Immunocompromised individuals

81
Q

What is Cryptococcsis caused by? And where is it found?

A

Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.

Is found in urban soil and pigeon droppings.

82
Q

Where can inhaled C.neoformans be inhaled and where can it rarely infect?

A 
Penetrate to the air sacs of lungs.
Cells can (rarely) pass into the bloodstream, infecting the brain and meninges
83
Q

What can histoplasmosis produce? And what is it caused by?

A

A systemic disease.

It is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum

84
Q

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found? And what are the symptoms?

A

If is found in dry,dusty,soil, chicken coops , and bat caves.
Usually mild influenza-like symptoms

85
Q

Where is blastomycosis usually acquired? And what is it caused by?

A

Via the respiratory route.

Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis

86
Q

What can Blastomycosis cause?

A

Lung and skin infections.
Inhalation causes lung lesions, persistent cough, chest pains.
Chronic pneumonia and may disseminate to other organs in AIDS patients

87
Q

What is coccidioidomycosis? What cause it? And where can it be seen?

A

Potentially lethal infection.
Caused by coccidioides immitis.
Seen in desert valleys of the SW U.S

88
Q

What can inhalation / infection of coccidiomycosis cause?

A

A dry, hacking cough.
Chest pains
High fever
Rarely infection disseminates to tissues such as internal organs and meninges of the spinal cord

89
Q

What can Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) cause and what is it caused by?

A

Lethal pneumonia

Caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci, which has a complex life cycle in the alveoli.

90
Q

What individuals is PCP common in? And how is it transmitted?

A

Common infection in AIDS patients. Transmitted through respiratory droplets

91
Q

What other fungi cause mycoses?

A

In Aspergillosis, conidia enter the body and grow as a mycelium. It is caused by Aspergillus fumigates

92
Q

What may need to be done to remove aspergilloma?

A

Surgery to remove it from the lungs

93
Q

What is the cause of otomycosis in earwax?

A

Aspergillus

94
Q

What can disseminated Aspergillus affect?

A

The heart

Biosciences (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions