Fungi 2 Flashcards
What are superficial mycoses?
fungal growth on the superficial skin
Do superficial mycoses require thermal dimorphism?
no, grow on cool exterior
What are the modes of transmission of dermatophytosis
fomites or autoinnoculation
What are subcutaneous mycoses?
Introduced by trauma exposing subcutaneous tissue to soil or vegetation
What is the hallmark of subcutaneous mycoses
slow spread from trauma site toward trunk by lymphatics; thermal dimorphism
How do you treat more serious cases?
local surgery and amphotericin B
What are the systemic mycoses?
spores/fungi in soil, inhaled into lungs, undergo thermal dimorphism
What are spherules?
arthospores convert to these in the terminal bronchiole, and they are highly resistant to eradication by immune system
What are opportunistic mycoses?
diseases and severity widely varied, depending on the patients’ pre-existing conditions
What does the opportunistic mycoses require?
optimal treatment addresses both the infection and underlying problem
What are typical symptoms of superficial mycoses? are they common?
usually itch or discoloration; yes
How are superficial mycoses treated?
treat with topical azoles, alternative oral griseofulvin
What are the characteristics of dermatophytosis
common, caused by 3 different genera of fungi and affect only keratinized structures, produce keratinases
What are the symptoms of dermatophytosis called?
Tinea (jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm)
How do you diagnose dermatophytosis?
by KOH mount or culture
How do you treat?
affected body sites simultaneously with topical antifungal cream and alternative oral griseofulvin
How do you treat mild cases of subcutaneous mycoses?
oral azoles
What is one of the common presentations of subcutaneous mycoses?
history of ineffective antibiotic treatment
What is sphortrichiosis
caused by sporothrix spp, thermally dimorphioc fungi of vegetation that enters skin through small injuries (thorns/splinters)
What are the symptoms of sporotrichiosis in each case: normal, COPD, immunosuppressed?
normal: painless ulcer at site spreading up lymphatic over years
COPD: pulmonary
immunosuppressed: dessimnated, meningitis
How is sporotrichiosis diagnosed?
biopsy and culture at room temperature from pus
Describe the range of severity for systemic mycoses.
asymptomatic clearance to death
Is systemic mycoses transmissible from person to person?
no
What disease can systemic mycoses mimic? How can you distinguish?
TB; hx–>source is american dirt, not foreign crowds
