Fungi

Question 1

What is the treatment for localized fungal infections?

Answer 1

Azole drugs

Question 2

What is the treatment for systemic or disseminated fungal infections?

Answer 2

Amphotericin B

Question 3

Which systemic fungal infection is trasmitted from bird or bat dropping?

Answer 3

Histoplasma

Question 4

Is histoplasma smaller or larger than RBCs?

Answer 4

Smaller. Several histoplasmas are actually found inside of 1 macrophage

Question 5

Histoplasma is mostly contracted in which demographic area?

Answer 5

Midwest and Central US - Mississippi and Ohio Rivers

Question 6

How are systemic fungi transmitted to humans?

Answer 6

Through inhalation

Question 7

What are symptoms of histoplasma?

Answer 7

Cavitary lesions, pneumonia, and erythema nodosum?

Question 8

Erythema nodosum is associated with which diseases?

Answer 8

sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB,
streptococcal infections B , leprosy C , inflammatory bowel disease

Question 9

Blastomyces dermatitidis is contracted in what demographic area?

Answer 9

Great lakes and Ohio River Valley

Question 10

Which systemic yeast looks like a single, broad based budding off of eather on histology?

Answer 10

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 11

Blastomyces dermatitidis has what x-ray findings?

Answer 11

Hazy, alveolar infiltrates. Sometimes there are cavitary lesions (like TB)

Question 12

Disseminated disease of Blastomyces dermatitidis gives what symptoms?

Answer 12

Symptoms of the skin and bones

Question 13

Esophageal thrush caused by candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in HIV patients with a CD4 count below what?

Answer 13

CD4 count below 100

Question 14

Risk factors for candida albicans infection

Answer 14

neutropenic
HIV
Diabetes
abx use
birth control use
IV drug use - endocarditis

Question 15

Treatment for local candida infection

Answer 15

Azole drugs

Question 16

Treatment for systemic candida infections

Answer 16

Amphotericin B

Question 17

Treatment for esophageal thrush found in HIV patients?

Answer 17

Nystatin

Question 18

Canadian Snow pic

How does candida look in the cold? (outside of the body)

Answer 18

Yeast form (unlike other mycoses)
Pseudohyphae with buds

Question 19

Snow cone pic

How does candida look while in the heat? (Inside of the body)

Answer 19

Germ tube form (moldy, unlike other mycoses)

Question 20

Which fungi are catalase positive?

Answer 20

Candida and aspergillus.
This makes people with chronic granulomatous disease especially at risk