fungi

Question 1

where do fungi fit in

Answer 1

ancestral eukaryotes (APART FROM ANIMALS AND PLANTS)

Question 2

Main characteristics of fungi

Answer 2

• mostly multicellular
• heterotrophic (NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS) get food from pulling it in (food-organisms)
• mostly terrestrial
• mostly decomposers
• cell wall made up of chitin (carbohydrate)
• reproduce sexually (spores) and asexually
• lack true roots, stems, and leaves
• some are edible while others are poisonous

Question 3

what are fungi composed of

Answer 3

hyphae- elongated cells with nuclei that form a branching filament structure

Question 4

What is septa

Answer 4

hyphae that are divided into individual cells via cell wall

under a microscope: will have sectioning

Question 5

What is a mycelium

Answer 5

multiple hyphae forming a branching network of filaments

Question 6

Where is the reproductive structure found on a fungi

Answer 6

cap: the top

Question 7

Where are the spore-producing structures found

Answer 7

gills: under the top

Question 8

Ascomycota

Answer 8

• sexual spores formed in sac-like ascus
• important to humans for fermentation, and food
• very diverse

yeast, truffles, morels, dutch elm disease, chestnut blight

Question 9

Basidimycota

Answer 9

• produce mushroom-cap fruiting bodies
• mostly decomposers
• includes puffballs, and bracket fungi

Question 10

Zygomycota

Answer 10

• mostly soil fungi
• includes bread and fruit moulds
• multinucleate hyphae
• non-septate

this is that white fuzzy stuff on strawberries

Question 11

Chytridiomycota

Answer 11

• mostly decomposers
• some unicellular, some multicellular
• some have swimming spores

Question 12

glomeromycota

Answer 12

all form symbiotic relationships with plant roots

Question 13

extracellular digestion

Answer 13

• fungi digest food outside their bodies
• fungi grow beside or on their food source
• excrete digestive enzymes into surrounding environment, breakdown food into simpler molecules for hyphae

Question 14

symbiosis in fungi

Answer 14

lichen: partnership between fungus and cyanobacteria, or green algae

fungus: provides structure, can digest and absorb nutrients and water and can protect from harsh conditions

cyanobacteria or algae produce sugar (food)

mycorrhizae: partnership between fungus and plant roots

fungus provides increased capacity for absorption of water and nutrients

plants produce sugar (food)

Question 15

Reproduction

Answer 15

fungi reproduce asexually and sexually

reproduce sexually when resources are scarce, and do it through their spores

usually reproduce asexually and produces genetically identical organisms–faster and more efficient also bc there are no male/female

Question 16

Sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 16

• only undergone when conditions are harsh or resources are scarce
• no male or female fungi
• dimorphism: fungi ability to switch between unicellular yeast forms and multicellular filamentous growth forms in response to changing environmental cues

Question 17

what are spores

Answer 17

adaptation to life on land

• ensure that species will disperse to new location
• each spore contains a reproductive cell that produces a new organism
• nonmotile
• dispersed by wind

Question 18

what are spores made out of?

Answer 18

• dehydrated cytoplasm
• protective coat
• haploid cell (amount of DNA)
• wind, animals, water, and insects spread spores
• spores germinate when they land on a moist surface: new hyphae form

Question 19

types of asexual reproduction

Answer 19

fragmentation: part of the mycelium becomes separated and begins a life of its own

budding: a small cell forms and gets pinched off as it grows to full size (USED BY YEASTS)

asexual spores- production of a spores by a single mycelium

Question 20

Spores in club like structures is a characteristic of which fungal Phylum?

Answer 20

basidiomycota

Question 21

what produces spores

Answer 21

gills

Question 22

purpose of spores in fungi

Answer 22

• produced by gills
• asexual reproduction
• sexual reproduction