Fungi

Question 1

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Question 2

What are the two groups of fungi?

Answer 2

Yeast (unicellular)
Mould (multicellular)

Question 3

How do yeasts reproduce?

Answer 3

Asexually by a process called budding.

Question 4

What is the cell wall of a yeast made of?

Answer 4

Chitin

Question 5

What is the function of the vacuole in yeast cells?

Answer 5

They store nutrients and contain enzymes that can break down complex molecules such as proteins.

Question 6

How does budding work?

Answer 6

The single celled yeast forms a bud. The nucleus divides and the bud receives a nucleus. The bud then breaks off forming a new yeast individual.

Question 7

How do moulds receive nutrients?

Answer 7

Saprophytes- dead or decaying material.

Question 8

What are the long thread like filaments of mould called?

Answer 8

Hyphae

Question 9

What is a mass of hyphae called?

Answer 9

Mycelium

Question 10

What are the 2 forms of hyphae?

Answer 10

1. Vegetative hyphae
2. Reproductive hyphae

Question 11

What do vegetative hyphae form and what are the functions?

Answer 11

Mycelia. Anchor the fungus to its substrate and enables the fungus to obtain nutrients.

Question 12

What is reproduced in the reproductive hyphae?

Answer 12

Reproductive spores

Question 13

Hyphae tubes are separated by?

Answer 13

Septums.

Question 14

What is the function of the septum?

Answer 14

Septum’s are distinct barriers that do not allow cellular contents to cross. Apart from the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What is aseptae?

Answer 15

When hyphae do not form septa (septum) creating one long cell with many nuclei.

Question 16

What is the number of nuclei in hyphae determined by?

Answer 16

The stage of the fungi life cycle.

Mature fungi have more hyphae and more nuclei, in comparison to those at the start of their cycle.

Question 17

How are fungal cells produced?

Answer 17

Asexual spores
Sexual spores

Question 18

What are the four types of asexual spore formation?

Answer 18

1. Arthrospores- Existing hyphae fragments form cells which behave as spores.
2. Chlamydospore - Cells or hyphae are surrounded by a thick wall and converted to spores. It survives unfavourable conditions.
3. Sporangiospore - Spores develop inside a sac called sporangium which forms due to swelling of the hyphal tip. The form following the division of the cytoplasm.
4. Blastospore - Produced from a vegetative mother cell at an expanding region of the hypha.

Question 19

How do sexual spores form?

Answer 19

When hyphae of opposite mating types nuclei fuse together, forming a new nucleus.

Question 20

Where are sexual spores contained?

Answer 20

The fruiting body.

Often exposed to an external environment, so that the spores can be released when ready.