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Clin Med - ID > Fungal & Yeast > Flashcards

Fungal & Yeast Flashcards

1
Q

candida characteristics

A
  • yeast-like

- forms true hyphae/psuedohyphae

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2
Q

candida virulence factors

A
  • adherence
  • digestive enzymes
  • convert to hyphal form
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3
Q

candida etiology

A
  • C. albicans
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4
Q

S & S generalized cutaneous candida

A
  • diffuse eruption over trunk, thorax, & extremities
  • pruritic
  • vesicles in moist areas
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5
Q

S & S intertrigo

A
  • intertriginous vesiculopustules
  • scalloped border
  • satellite lesions
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6
Q

S & S oropharyngeal candida

A
  • wears dentures
  • recent hx broad spec abx/steroids
  • sore, painful mouth
  • burning mouth, tongue
  • friable, whitish, thick plagues
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7
Q

What are the 5 types of oropharyngeal candida?

A
  • MC: membranous
  • erythematous
  • atrophic
  • angular chelitis
  • mixed
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8
Q

describe membranous oropharyngeal candida

A
  • creamy, white, curd like patches
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9
Q

describe erythematous oropharyngeal candida

A
  • erythematous hard and soft palate
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10
Q

describe atrophic oropharyngeal candida

A
  • aka: denture stomatitis

- erythema & edema of palate in contact w/ dentures

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11
Q

describe angular chelitis oropharyngeal candida

A
  • soreness
  • erythema
  • fissuring
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12
Q

candida diagnostics

A
  • wet mount w/ KOH
  • blood & non-sterile site cultures
  • urinalysis
  • FISH, antifungal susceptibitilty testing
  • PCR
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13
Q

candida treatment (by class)

A
  • azoles
  • echinocandins
  • polyenes
  • allylamines
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14
Q

candida treatment (by condition)

A
  • esophagitis: fluconazole PO
  • oral thrush: nystatin
  • vaginal: miconazole or clotrimazole
  • intertrigo: clotimazole topical
  • candidemia: amphotericin B
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15
Q

cryptococcosis etiology

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans or gattii
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16
Q

Who is at most risk of cryptococcosis?

A
  • immunocompromised
17
Q

cyptococcosis transmission

A
  • pigeon/bird droppings
18
Q

cryptococcosis pathophysiology

A
  • organ damage d/t lack of space from fungal burden
19
Q

cryptococcosis manifestations

A
  • pulmonary
  • CNS
  • Non-CNS
20
Q

S & S of cryptococcosis pulmonary manifestation

A
  • variable: asx to acute resp distress

- plural effusion uncommon

21
Q

S & S of cryptococcosis CNS manifestation

A
  • MC: meningitis/meningioenceophalitis

- H/A, altered mental status

22
Q

Which form of cryptococcosis is less common in HIV?

A
  • CNS
23
Q

cryptococcosis diagnostics

A
  • blood & CSF culture
24
Q

cryptococcosiss treatment

A
  • amphotericin B + flucytocine followed by fluconazole
25
Q

T/F: Histoplasmosis is a fungi.

A
  • false, yeast
26
Q

histoplamosis etiology

A
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • soil containing bird/bat droppings in MS + OH river valley
  • AIDS defining dx
27
Q

histoplamosis pathophysiology

A
  • cell mediated response
  • inflam response produces calcified fibrinous granulomas w/ areas of caseous necrosis
  • systemic dissemination is rare
28
Q

S & S histoplasmosis

A
  • mostly asx/flu-like
  • PNA
  • dissemination in immunocompromised
29
Q

histoplasmosis diagnostics

A
  • CBC = anemia
  • elevated enzymes
  • blood + sputum cx
  • lots of microbio lab stuff
  • CXR/CT/MRI
  • PFT
30
Q

histoplasmosis treatment

A
  • mild to moderate: itraconazole

- severe or failed itraconazole: amphotericin B

31
Q

pneumocystis etiology

A
  • Pneumocystsis jiroveci

- MC opportunistic infx in HIV (+)

32
Q

pneumocystis pathophysiology

A
  • attach to alveoli –> uncontrolled replication –> illness
33
Q

pneumocystis risk factors

A
  • HIV (+) w/ CD4
34
Q

S & S pneumocystis

A
  • nonspecific
35
Q

pneumocystis diagnosis

A
  • CXR: (B) diffuse infiltrates
  • sputum
  • elevated LDH
  • PCR
36
Q

pneumocystis treatment

A
  • TMP-SMX
  • corticosteroids
  • smoking cessation
  • chemoprophylaxis

Clin Med - ID (6 decks)

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