Fungal & Yeast Flashcards
candida characteristics
- yeast-like
- forms true hyphae/psuedohyphae
candida virulence factors
- adherence
- digestive enzymes
- convert to hyphal form
candida etiology
- C. albicans
S & S generalized cutaneous candida
- diffuse eruption over trunk, thorax, & extremities
- pruritic
- vesicles in moist areas
S & S intertrigo
- intertriginous vesiculopustules
- scalloped border
- satellite lesions
S & S oropharyngeal candida
- wears dentures
- recent hx broad spec abx/steroids
- sore, painful mouth
- burning mouth, tongue
- friable, whitish, thick plagues
What are the 5 types of oropharyngeal candida?
- MC: membranous
- erythematous
- atrophic
- angular chelitis
- mixed
describe membranous oropharyngeal candida
- creamy, white, curd like patches
describe erythematous oropharyngeal candida
- erythematous hard and soft palate
describe atrophic oropharyngeal candida
- aka: denture stomatitis
- erythema & edema of palate in contact w/ dentures
describe angular chelitis oropharyngeal candida
- soreness
- erythema
- fissuring
candida diagnostics
- wet mount w/ KOH
- blood & non-sterile site cultures
- urinalysis
- FISH, antifungal susceptibitilty testing
- PCR
candida treatment (by class)
- azoles
- echinocandins
- polyenes
- allylamines
candida treatment (by condition)
- esophagitis: fluconazole PO
- oral thrush: nystatin
- vaginal: miconazole or clotrimazole
- intertrigo: clotimazole topical
- candidemia: amphotericin B
cryptococcosis etiology
- Cryptococcus neoformans or gattii
Who is at most risk of cryptococcosis?
- immunocompromised
cyptococcosis transmission
- pigeon/bird droppings
cryptococcosis pathophysiology
- organ damage d/t lack of space from fungal burden
cryptococcosis manifestations
- pulmonary
- CNS
- Non-CNS
S & S of cryptococcosis pulmonary manifestation
- variable: asx to acute resp distress
- plural effusion uncommon
S & S of cryptococcosis CNS manifestation
- MC: meningitis/meningioenceophalitis
- H/A, altered mental status
Which form of cryptococcosis is less common in HIV?
- CNS
cryptococcosis diagnostics
- blood & CSF culture
cryptococcosiss treatment
- amphotericin B + flucytocine followed by fluconazole
