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Funds Wk 1 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the word ‘nurse’?

A

From the Latin word ‘nutrix’, meaning to nourish.

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2
Q

Who is considered the mother of modern nursing?

A

Florence Nightingale.

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3
Q

What did Mary Seacole contribute to nursing?

A

She cared for soldiers during the Crimean War despite facing racial discrimination.

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4
Q

Who was the first Black female nurse in the U.S.?

A

Mary Mahoney, in 1879.

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5
Q

What organization did Clara Barton found?

A

The American Red Cross.

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6
Q

What does QSEN stand for?

A

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.

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7
Q

What are the QSEN competencies?

A

Patient-centered care, teamwork & collaboration, quality improvement, safety, evidence-based practice, and informatics.

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8
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Preventing illness through health promotion and education, e.g., vaccines.

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9
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Early detection and screening, e.g., health fairs.

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10
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Rehabilitation and minimizing complications of existing illness.

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11
Q

List common nursing roles.

A

Caregiver, Communicator, Teacher, Counselor, Leader, Researcher, Advocate, Collaborator.

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12
Q

What is the Nurse Practice Act?

A

Defines legal scope, standards of care, and forms the State Board of Nursing.

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13
Q

How often are nursing licenses renewed in TN?

A

Every two years based on the birth year.

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14
Q

What is the NLC/eNLC?

A

Nurse Licensure Compact that allows nurses to practice in multiple states.

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15
Q

What is EBP?

A

A problem-solving approach that integrates best evidence with clinical expertise.

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16
Q

What does PICOT stand for?

A

Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.

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17
Q

What is the normal oral temperature range?

A

96.8–100.4°F (98.6°F average).

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18
Q

What is the normal pulse rate?

A

60–100 bpm (80 bpm average).

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19
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate?

A

12–20 breaths per minute.

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20
Q

What is the normal BP range?

A

Less than 120/80 mmHg.

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21
Q

List ethical principles in nursing.

A

Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, Fidelity, Veracity, Accountability, Privacy.

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22
Q

What is moral distress?

A

Knowing the right action but facing barriers to act.

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23
Q

What law protects patient health information?

A

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).

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24
Q

What are the four elements of liability?

A

Duty, Breach, Foreseeability of harm, and Damages.

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25
What is Patient-Centered Care in QSEN?
Recognizing the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs.
26
What is Teamwork and Collaboration in QSEN?
Functioning effectively within nursing and inter-professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making.
27
What is Evidence-Based Practice in QSEN?
Integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal healthcare.
28
What is Quality Improvement in QSEN?
Using data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and using improvement methods to design and test changes to improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems.
29
What is Safety in QSEN?
Minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
30
What is Informatics in QSEN?
Using information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-making.
31
What is Autonomy in nursing ethics?
Respecting patients' rights to make their own decisions. Example: honoring a patient’s refusal of treatment.
32
What is Beneficence in nursing ethics?
Doing good and promoting the well-being of others. Example: administering pain medication to relieve suffering.
33
What is Nonmaleficence in nursing ethics?
Avoiding harm to patients. Example: double-checking medications to prevent errors.
34
What is Justice in nursing ethics?
Providing fair and equal treatment. Example: giving all patients equal access to care.
35
What is Fidelity in nursing ethics?
Keeping promises and commitments. Example: returning at a promised time to check on a patient.
36
What is Veracity in nursing ethics?
Being truthful. Example: honestly informing a patient about a diagnosis.
37
What is Accountability in nursing ethics?
Taking responsibility for one’s own actions. Example: reporting a medication error you made.
38
What is Privacy in nursing ethics?
Maintaining patient confidentiality. Example: not sharing patient information without consent.
39
What are Concepts in nursing?
Ideas describing objects, events, and relationships.
40
What is a Conceptual Framework?
A structured group of concepts representing a blueprint.
41
What is a Theory in nursing?
A set of concepts that describes a reality pattern, tested to guide research.
42
What is Deductive Reasoning?
Using general principles to reach specific conclusions.
43
What is Inductive Reasoning?
Using specific observations to make broader generalizations.
44
What is Nursing Theory?
Focuses on holistic patient care, individualized care, health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment.
45
What is Modeling Behavior in value formation?
Children imitate role models such as parents, peers, and teachers.
46
What is Moralizing in value formation?
Values taught through institutions like churches or schools.
47
What is Laissez-Faire in value formation?
Minimal guidance in forming values, which may lead to confusion.
48
What is the Rewards and Punishments method in value formation?
Reinforcement of behavior based on approval or disapproval by authority figures.
49
What are Responsible Choices in value formation?
Providing support while allowing autonomy in decision-making.
50
What is Altruism in nursing values?
Understanding others' perspectives and demonstrating cultural sensitivity.
51
What is Autonomy in nursing values?
Honoring patient decision-making rights through informed care.
52
What is Human Dignity in nursing values?
Respecting all individuals and maintaining patient confidentiality.
53
What is Integrity in nursing values?
Providing honest care and taking accountability for one's actions.
54
What is Social Justice in nursing values?
Advocating for fairness, equality, and non-discrimination.
55
What is Utilitarianism in ethical theory?
Ethical decisions based on outcomes or consequences. Example: Supporting abortion if it prevents more suffering.
56
What is Deontology in ethical theory?
Actions are judged as right or wrong based on rules or duties, regardless of outcomes.
57
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Enacted in 1990; prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public life, ensuring equal rights and opportunities.
58
What is the Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA)?
Requires equal insurance coverage for mental and physical health.
59
What is the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)?
Informs patients of their rights regarding medical decisions and encourages advance care planning.
60
What is the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?
Regulates workplace safety, including chemical exposure, radiation, and PPE.
61
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
Protects patient health information and grants access and consent rights to patients.
62
What are Sentinel Events?
Serious incidents like death or serious injury that require immediate investigation and root cause analysis.
63
What are Never Events?
Serious, avoidable errors such as wrong-site surgery that must be reported.
64
What are Living Wills?
Legal documents outlining patient healthcare preferences.
65
What is a Durable Power of Attorney?
Designates a person to make healthcare decisions if the patient is incapacitated.
66
Why are advance directives important?
They promote autonomy and reduce family stress during medical emergencies.
67
When should advance directives be discussed?
Ideally when the patient is healthy or at the time of diagnosis.
68
What is Bradycardia?
Heart rate less than 60 bpm.
69
What is Tachycardia?
Heart rate greater than 100 bpm.
70
What is the normal respiratory rate (RR)?
12–20 breaths per minute.
71
What is considered the '5th vital sign'?
Pain.
72
What is the normal range for pulse oximetry?
92-100%
73
What does Afebrile mean?
No fever present.
74
What is Pyrexia?
Presence of fever.
75
What is an Intermittent Fever?
Normal temperature at least once in 24 hours.
76
What is a Sustained Fever?
Continuously elevated temperature.
77
What is a Recurrent Fever?
Normal temperature periods interspersed with fever.
78
What is Eupnea?
Normal, unlabored breathing with 1:4 ratio of RR to HR.
79
What is Tachypnea?
Increased respiratory rate.
80
What is Bradypnea?
Decreased respiratory rate.
81
What is Apnea?
Periods when no breathing occurs.
82
What is Dyspnea?
Difficult or labored breathing.
83
What is Orthopnea?
Breathing difficulty that changes with position.
84
What is Hyperventilation?
Increased rate and depth of breathing.
85
What is Hypoventilation?
Decreased rate and depth of breathing with irregular pattern.
86
What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Irregular breathing pattern with alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing.
87
What is considered a normal blood pressure?
<120/<80 mmHg.
88
What is considered elevated blood pressure?
120–129/<80 mmHg.
89
What is Stage 1 Hypertension?
130–139 or 80–89 mmHg.
90
What is Stage 2 Hypertension?
≥140 or ≥90 mmHg.
91
What is the first Korotkoff sound?
It indicates systolic pressure.
92
What does the change or cessation of Korotkoff sounds indicate?
It marks the diastolic pressure.
93
Which arteries are commonly used for BP measurement?
Brachial artery and popliteal artery.

Fundamentals (3 decks)

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