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Ophthalmology > fundoscopy findings > Flashcards

fundoscopy findings Flashcards

1
Q

fundoscopic changes in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A 
microaneurysms 
haemorrhages
venous beading
intraretinal microvascular anomalies 
hard exudates (lipid - well demarcated)
cotton wool spots (infarcts - not well demarcated)
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2
Q

fundoscopic changes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovascularization

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3
Q

fundoscopic changes in grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy

A

arteriolar narrowing

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4
Q

fundoscopic changes in grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy

A

arteriolar narrowing
AV nicking
silver wiring

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5
Q

fundoscopic changes in grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy

A

arteriolar narrowing, AV nicking, silver wiring

retinopathy: flame haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots

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6
Q

fundoscopic changes in grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy

A

arteriolar narrowing, AV nicking, silver wiring, flame haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots
papilloedema

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7
Q

fundoscopic changes in retinal vein occlusion

A

tortuous dilated vessels
widespread retinal flame haemorrhages
optic disc oedema

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8
Q

fundoscopic changes in retinal artery occlusion

A

swollen, pale, oedematous retina

cherry red spot in macula

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9
Q

fundoscopic changes in retinal detachment

A

grey opalescent retina, ballooning forwards

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10
Q

fundoscopic changes in retinitis pigmentosa

A

bone spicule-shaped peripheral pigmentation
arteriolar narrowing
waxy disc pallor

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11
Q

fundoscopic changes in dry macular degeneration

A

drusen in macula (tiny yellow/white deposits)

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12
Q

fundoscopic changes in wet macular degeneration

A

subretinal haemorrhages in/around macula

localised retinal elevation and retinal oedema

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13
Q

fundoscopic changes in optic neuritis

A

unilateral swollen optic disc (blurred margin)

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14
Q

fundoscopic changes in optic atrophy

A

pale, featureless optic disc like a setting sun

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15
Q

fundoscopic changes in papilloedema

A

bilateral swollen optic discs (blurred margins)

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16
Q

fundoscopic changes in chronic open-angle glaucoma

A

optic disc cupping (optic cup > 1/3 of disc)

optic disc atrophy

17
Q

fundoscopic changes in acute angle-closure glaucoma

A

ciliary flush + mid-dilated irregular pupil

possible optic disc cupping

18
Q

fundoscopic changes in vitreous haemorrhage

A

no red reflex

difficult/impossible to visualise retina

Ophthalmology (2 decks)

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