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Preceptorship > Fundementals > Flashcards

Fundementals Flashcards

1
Q

post tonsillectomy interventions

A

1.discourage coughing/clearing throat as it can lead to bleeding 2.ice collar for pain 3.analgesics 4.avoid milk products (pudding) b/c they coat the mouth and promote clearing of the throat

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2
Q

interventions for fall risk

A

1.room close to nursies station 2.clutter free and good lighting at night 3.call light near reach 4.bed in lowest position

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3
Q

restraints interventions

A

1.notify the provider immediately 2.assess every 2 hours 3.always tie to bed frame 4.max 24 hours

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4
Q

what are the different classes of fire

A

Class A: paper, wood, cloth, or trash Class B: flammable gas or liquid Class C: electric fire

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5
Q

transfering from bed to chair to vice versa

A

position client so that client is moving toward the strong side

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6
Q

moving clients in bed

A

ask them to raise their head and cross their arms across their chest

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7
Q

semi fowlers

A

30 degrees 1.feeding 2.head injury/surgery 3.increased ICP

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8
Q

fowlers

A

45-60 1.post abdominal surgery

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9
Q

high fowlers

A

90 degrees 1.dyspnea 2.NG tube insertion

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10
Q

supine

A

lying on back with a small pillow 1.spinal cord injury (no pillow though)

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11
Q

prone

A

lying on abdomen with head to side 1.post lumbar puncture 6-12 hours 2.post myelogram 12-24 hours (oil based dye) 3.post tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy 4.immobilized or unconscious

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12
Q

side lying

A

most body weight on lateral aspect of lower ilium 1.post abdominal surgery 2.post tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy 3.post liver biopsy (right side) 4.unconscious

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13
Q

Sims

A

lying on left side with most weight on anterior aspect of ilium, humerus and clavicle 1.enema administration

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14
Q

lithotomy

A

1.perineal, rectal, vaginal procedures

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15
Q

trendelenburg

A

head and body lowered while feet are elevated

1.during labor if umbilical cord pressure is trying to be relieved

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16
Q

modified trendelenburg

A

supine with legs elevated

1.shock

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17
Q

reverse trendelenburg

A

head elevated while feet are lowered

  1. cervical traction
  2. feeding clients restricted to supine position such as post cardiac cath
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18
Q

dorsal recumbent

A
  1. urinary catheterization (females)
  2. abdominal assessment
  3. wound evisceration
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19
Q

crutches

A
  1. correct fit (3 finger widths between axilla and top of the crutch
  2. elbows flexed
  3. do not bear weight on axilla
  4. 6-10 inches
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20
Q

non weight bearing crutches

A

means that you have one leg that can not bear any weight

  1. advance both crutches and the affected extremity while balancing on the good leg
  2. move good leg forward beyond crutches
  3. move both crutches then the affected extremity
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21
Q

4 point gait

A

used when you have partial weight bearing on both legs

  1. move right crutch forward (6-10 inches)
  2. move the left leg to even it with the left crutch
  3. move left crutch foward
  4. move right foot forward to even with right crutch
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22
Q

3 point gait

A

used for people that have one leg that can not bear weight

  1. move both crutches forward with weight on unaffected leg
  2. shift weight to crutches and move unaffected leg forward
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23
Q

2 point gait

A

opposites move at the same time

1.right foot and left crutch forward

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24
Q

walking up and down stairs with crutches

A

good foot heaven bad foot hell

  1. when going up unaffected leg goes up first and the crutches move with the affected leg
  2. affected leg goes down first and crutches still move with the affected leg
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25
Q

canes

A
  1. size is measured from greater trochanter to floor
  2. goes with unaffected side
  3. moves forward 6-10 inches
  4. move cane forward first while bearing weight on good leg. move the bad leg forward shift weight to cane then move good leg forward past the cane.
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26
Q

walkers

A

for sizing the clients wrists should be even with the hand grips on the walker while the arms are dangling downward

  1. advance walker 12 inches
  2. move the affected lower limb then the good one
  3. do not use a rolling walker if support is needed due to weakness or for parkinsons
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27
Q

sterile field

A

the 1 inch border is nonsterile.

all objects stay above waist and within vision

28
Q

airborne diseases

A

measles, varicella, TB

  1. Negative pressure room with HEPA filter
  2. must wear FIT tested N95
  3. apply a small particulate mask to client if they wanna leave the room for a medical reason only
29
Q

droplet precautions

A
  1. for droplets larger then 5 mcg
  2. can put with another person with same organism
  3. keep door closed
  4. mask is required when personnel is within 3 ft of client
30
Q

protective isolation

A

clients who have bad immune systems

  1. no fresh flowers, fruits or veggies
  2. for max protection positive pressure room
31
Q

putting on and taking off PPE

A
  1. when putting it on goes up the body then hands
  2. removal is alphabetical (gloves, goggles(face shield), gown, mask)
32
Q

how long is hepatitis A contagious for

A

the first 7 days after the onset of jaundice

33
Q

how often should you get a routine physical

A

females every year starting at 20

males every 3-5 years starting at 20 then anually at 40

34
Q

how often should you get dental assessments

A

every 6 months

35
Q

how often do you check BP

A

after age 20 every 2 years unless its higher then 120/80 then its every year

36
Q

how often do you check blood cholesterol

A

every 5 years if no risk factors begining at 20

37
Q

how often do you monitor Blood glucose

A

every 3 years starting at age 45

38
Q

Colorectal screenings

A
  1. fecal occult blood anually starting at 50
  2. flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonoscopy every 10 years OR double contrast barium enema every 5 years or CT colonography every 5 years
39
Q

how often should you do a PAP smear

A

every 3 years starting at 21

40
Q

how often mammogram

A

yearly after age 40

41
Q

how often prostate exam

A

annual digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA)

42
Q

morse fall scale

A
43
Q

what is benzoin

A

its a cream that you put which helps protects the skin and also helps tape stick better.

44
Q

different types of blood

A
  1. whole blood-has all components of blood therefore must be used within 24 hours of collection b/c it clots up easily
  2. Packed RBCs contain only HgB
  3. fresh frozen plasma is taken from whole blood and contains plasma + clotting factors + blood proteins
45
Q

blood transfusion rates to know

A

first 15 mins do 2ml/hr

never exceed 5ml/min (300mL/hr)

46
Q

normal urine pH

A

4.6-8.0

47
Q

how often should regular IV tubing be replaced

A

96 hours or 4 days

48
Q

what should you do if you left a catheter in for to long and the tip broke off

A

apply a tourniquet high on the extremity and notify the provider

49
Q

classic early sign of infiltration. What about nerve damage

A

coolness also swelling, tenderness, pallor. For nerve damage the classic sign is tingling

50
Q

how would you treat phlebitis

A
  1. discontinue
  2. elevate
  3. warm compress
51
Q

gait assessment

A

ask patient to demonstrate four different gaits

  1. normal gait
  2. heel to toe (tandem walking)
  3. tip toe (foot str and coordination)
  4. walk on heels (coordination)
52
Q

Weber test

A

place tuning fork on top of head or midforehead. With conductive hearing loss the patient hears the sound better in the bad ear. With sensorineural loss the patient hears the sound better in the good ear.

53
Q

Abdominal assessments…

what is Borborygmi

what is Mcburneys point

where are abdominal sounds the loudest

how many bowel sounds are normal

A
  1. hyperactive bowel sounds
  2. rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant
  3. right lower quadrant (the ileocecal valve)
  4. 5 to 30 per min is considered normal.
54
Q

what is a continuous sensation of vibration documented as

A

a thrill (indicates stenosis)

55
Q

The stetoscope. 1.Diaphragm vs bell

2.how do you wear it

A

the diaphragm is better for low pitched sounds. angle the earpieces toward your nose

56
Q

glassgow coma scale

A
  1. Eye opening (4)
  2. Verbal response (5)
  3. Motor response (6)
57
Q

testing CN 5

A

ask patient to bite down and feel the temporal muscle and masseter muscle contract. Also check the sensory branch by asking patient to close eyes and see if they can feel like touch of forehead, cheeks, chin

58
Q

CN 11

A

Accessory

Ask patient to move head to each side while you uprovide resistance. Ask to shrug shoulders while you provide resistance

59
Q

what does a hearing aid that whistles indicate

A

improper size or to much ear wax

60
Q

effects of magnesium and calcium on GI system

A

Mag-diarrhea and cramping

Calcium - constipation (decreases peristalsis)

61
Q

how to avoid nausea of chemotherapy

A
  1. avoid highly seasoned food
  2. dont eat 2 hours before chemo
62
Q

which nutrient promotes the absorption of PO iron

A

vitamin C

63
Q

according to my pyramid how many cups of veggies should you eat per day

A

2.5

64
Q

symptom of chlamydia reinfection

A

mucopurulent cervicitis - yellow vaginal discharge

easily induced vaginal bleeding

urinary frequency and abdominal pain

may also be asymptomatic

65
Q

if a client scheduled for surgery suddendly reports that they have a latex allergy what should the nurse do

A

move the surgery up to the first surgery of the day. The latex dust from the previous day would have already settled.

Preceptorship (9 decks)

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