Fundamentos teóricos de base de datos

Question 1

What is a database?

Answer 1

A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system.

Question 2

True or False: A relational database uses tables to represent data and relationships.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The __________ model is the most widely used database model.

Answer 3

relational

Question 4

What is SQL?

Answer 4

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, a standard programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases.

Question 5

What does ACID stand for in database management?

Answer 5

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of database model? A) Hierarchical B) Network C) Object-oriented D) Sequential

Answer 6

D) Sequential

Question 7

What is normalization in the context of databases?

Answer 7

Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Question 8

True or False: A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a database table.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is a foreign key?

Answer 9

A foreign key is a field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the software that interacts with the database and allows users to perform operations.

Answer 10

Database Management System (DBMS)

Question 11

What is a schema in a database?

Answer 11

A schema is the structure that defines the organization of data, including tables, fields, relationships, and constraints.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which command is used to retrieve data from a database? A) INSERT B) UPDATE C) SELECT D) DELETE

Answer 12

C) SELECT

Question 13

What does the term ‘data integrity’ refer to?

Answer 13

Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle.

Question 14

True or False: A database can only be accessed by one user at a time.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is a transaction in database terms?

Answer 15

A transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The __________ property ensures that a transaction is completed fully or not at all.

Answer 16

atomicity

Question 17

What is denormalization?

Answer 17

Denormalization is the process of combining tables to reduce the complexity of database queries and improve read performance.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a NoSQL database? A) MySQL B) Oracle C) MongoDB D) PostgreSQL

Answer 18

C) MongoDB

Question 19

What is a data model?

Answer 19

A data model is an abstract model that organizes data elements and their relationships.

Question 20

True or False: Indexes are used to speed up the retrieval of records from a database.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the purpose of a database index?

Answer 21

A database index improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ is a method of improving database performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory.

Answer 22

Caching

Question 23

What is a view in a database?

Answer 23

A view is a virtual table that is based on the result of a query, allowing users to access data in a specific format.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of a DBMS? A) Data storage B) Data manipulation C) Data analysis D) Data encryption

Answer 24

D) Data encryption

Question 25

What is the difference between a clustered and a non-clustered index?

Answer 25

A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, while a non-clustered index is a separate structure that points to the data.

Question 26

True or False: A database can be both centralized and distributed.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is a stored procedure?

Answer 27

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that can be stored and executed in the database.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the main programming language used for managing relational databases.

Answer 28

SQL

Question 29

What is data redundancy?

Answer 29

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data is stored in multiple places unnecessarily.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an advantage of using a database? A) Data isolation B) Improved data sharing C) Increased data redundancy D) Data inconsistency

Answer 30

B) Improved data sharing

Question 31

What is a data warehouse?

Answer 31

A data warehouse is a centralized repository for storing large amounts of data from multiple sources for analysis and reporting.

Question 32

True or False: Data mining is the process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the purpose of a backup in database management?

Answer 33

A backup is used to create a copy of the database to prevent data loss in case of a failure.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ model is used to represent data as objects which can have attributes and methods.

Answer 34

object-oriented

Question 35

What is data modeling?

Answer 35

Data modeling is the process of creating a data model to visually represent the data and its relationships.

Question 36

Multiple Choice: In which type of database is data stored in key-value pairs? A) Relational B) Document-based C) Key-value D) Graph

Answer 36

C) Key-value

Question 37

True or False: Referential integrity ensures that relationships between tables remain consistent.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is a data dictionary?

Answer 38

A data dictionary is a metadata repository that contains information about the data in the database.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a graphical representation of the structure of a database, showing tables and relationships.

Answer 39

schema diagram

Question 40

What is the purpose of data normalization?

Answer 40

The purpose of data normalization is to minimize redundancy and dependency by organizing fields and table relationships.

Question 41

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of NoSQL databases? A) Fixed schema B) High scalability C) SQL-based D) Strict ACID compliance

Answer 41

B) High scalability

Question 42

True or False: A database can be accessed via a web interface.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is a transaction log?

Answer 43

A transaction log is a record of all transactions that have been performed on a database, used for recovery and auditing.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of analyzing data to extract useful information.

Answer 44

Data analysis