Fundamentals of ST_Has empty Card

Question 1

What categories can most software issues be divided into?

Answer 1

• Error
• Defect
• Failure

Question 2

What is the definition of an error?

Answer 2

An error (or mistake) is an action performed by a person that leads to an incorrect result. This can be the user or someone buiulding the software.

Question 3

What is the definition of a defect?

Answer 3

A defect is a flaw in a component or a system that can cause the system to fail to perform its required action.

Question 4

What is the definition of a failure?

Answer 4

A failure is a deviationm of a system from its expected delivery. A defect causes a system to fail.

Question 5

What is root cause analysis?

Answer 5

Root cause analysis involves trying to track the failure of a system all the way back to its root cause.

Question 6

What are the four stages off a products lifecycle?

Answer 6

• Analysis
• Design
• Development
• Implementation

Question 7

What is testing for functional attributes?

Answer 7

This is to ensure that the product performs an expected task

Question 8

What is testing for non-functional attributes?

Answer 8

Is testing to measure how well or fast a task is performed and is normally measured by metrics

Question 9

What are the perceptions of quality that a customer will be looking for?

Answer 9

• Physical Features
• Usability
• Industry Standards
• Subjective Responses

Question 10

What is Dynamic Testing?

Answer 10

Dynamic testing is when you conduct tests while running a software program.

Question 11

What is static testing?

Answer 11

This includes reviewing software related documentation and source code.

Question 12

What does development testing include?

Answer 12

• Component testing
• Integration testing
• System testing

Question 13

What is acceptance testing?

Answer 13

This is to verify that the software works as inticipated, gaining confidence that the requirements have been met. This is done primarily to gauge the risk of releasing a system at a given time.

Question 14

What is maintenance testing?

Answer 14

This is to ensure no new defects have been introduced during development changes.

Question 15

What are the main objectives of operational testing?

Answer 15

• Realiability - A set of attributes representing the capabilities of the software to maintain a level of performance under conditions for a period of time.
• Availability - Is where the software is ready for use whenever required.

Question 16

What is DefectDensity?

Answer 16

Is an attribute that can be calculated by dividing the number of design defects by a measure of the product size such as function points of number of source lines of code.

Question 17

What are knock-on-defects?

Answer 17

They are defects that result from a a newly introduced correction that results in a chain of defects on various parts of the software

Question 18

What is the pesticide paradox?

Answer 18

The tendency for defect clusters to change over time, meaning that the same set of tests conducted repeatedly will fail to disover new defects,

Question 19

What are the three objectives of software testing?

Answer 19

• Uncovering defects
• Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the product
• preventing defects

Question 20

What is regression testing?

Answer 20

This is to uncover defetcs that may have been introduced to the software from previous fixes.

Question 21

What are the three general software testing principles?

Answer 21

1. Testing shows presence of defects
2. Exhastive testing is impossible
3. Confusing an absence of errors with product fit is a fallacy

Question 22

What does AUT stand for?

Answer 22

Apllication Under Test

Question 23

What are the four principles of applied testing?

Answer 23

• Early Testing
• Defect Clustering
• Pesticide Paradox
• Testing should be context dependent

Question 24

What does SDLC stand for?

Answer 24

Software Development Life Cycle

Question 25

What is the Pareto principle?

Answer 25

This principle states that about 80% of defects will be found in approximiately 20% of the modules.

Question 26

What are the five fundamental phases in the software testing process?

Answer 26

1. Test planning an control 2. Test analysis and design 3. Test implementation and execution 4. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting 5. Test closure activities

Question 27

What should you do in the Analysis stage of the Software testing process?

Answer 27

* Review the test basis and identify test conditions * Design tests and evaluate testability

Question 28

What can settting meaningful exit criteria help to acheive?

Answer 28

* Ensure test efficiency and effectiveness * Priotitize and execute testing activites * Evaluate current activities in the testing process and decide steps for further action * Suggest corrective measures for incomplete and faulty efforts * Identify plausible risks for your test project

Question 29

What is coverage criteria?

Answer 29

This helps you decide test cases that must be included during the exit criteria evaluation process.

Question 30

What is acceptance criteria?

Answer 30

Helps check whether the software has passed or failed in the overall process.

Question 31

What activites would you carry out during Test closure?

Answer 31

1. Checking deliverables 2. archiving testware 3. submitting testware to maintenance team 4. evaluating the overall test process

Question 32

When is exit criteria set?

Answer 32

During test planning

Question 33

Why is it important for the person testing to have an objective mindset?

Answer 33

A person who helped develop the software may miss defects because he may approach the product with a bias based on the effort put in and personal involvement in development.

Question 34

What are the only advantages of self-review as a testing method?

Answer 34

Early defect detection and cost effectiveness

Question 35

What can help communication amongs team members during the test process be more effective?

Answer 35

* Defects and incidents are reported neutrally * Explanation of how the end user benefits * Reinforcing the need for collaboration

Question 36

What are the categories for code of ethics for engineers according to the ISTQB

Answer 36

* Public * Client and Employer * Product * Judgement * Management * Profession * Colleagues * Self

Question 37

How can testers and developers bridge the communication gap?

Answer 37

* Understand and appreciate each others roles and responsibilities in the process * Communicate and coordinate with each other throughout the lifecycle * Initiate conversations with programmers as testers and not wiat for them to start inquiring about reports * Share plans, drafts, schedules, design documents and prototypes * Provide feedback for developers appreciating their good work and reporting defects objectively