Fundamentals of Security Flashcards
Information Security
Protecting data and information from unauthorized access, modification, disruption, disclosure, and destruction.
Information Systems Security
Protecting the systems (e.g., computers, servers, network devices) that hold and process critical data.
CIA Triad
Confidentiality, Integrity, & Availability
Confidentiality
Ensures information is accessible only to authorized personnel (e.g., encryption)
Integrity
Ensures data remains accurate and unaltered (e.g., checksums)
Availability
Ensures information and resources are accessible when needed (e.g., redundancy measures)
Non-Repudiation
Guarantees that an action or event cannot be denied by the involved parties (e.g., digital signatures)
CIANA Pentagon
An extension of the CIA triad with the addition of non-repudiation and authentication.
Triple A’s of Security
Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting
Authentication
Verifying the identity of a user or system (e.g., password checks)
Authorization
Determining actions or resources an authenticated user can access (e.g., permissions)
Accounting
Tracking user activities and resource usage for audit or billing purposes.
Security Control Categories
■ Technical
■ Managerial
■ Operational
■ Physical
Security Control Types
■ Preventative
■ Deterrent
■ Detective
■ Corrective
■ Compensating
■ Directive
Zero Trust Model
Operates on the principle that no one should be trusted by default.
To achieve zero trust, we use the control plane and the data plane.
Control Plane
Adaptive identity, threat scope reduction, policy-driven access control, and secured zones.
Data Plane
Subject/system, policy engine, policy administrator, and
establishing policy enforcement points.
Threat
Anything that could cause harm, loss, damage, or compromise to our information
technology systems.
Can come from the following:
● Natural disasters
● Cyber-attacks
● Data integrity breaches
● Disclosure of confidential information
Vulnerability
Any weakness in the system design or implementation.
Come from internal factors like the following:
● Software bugs
● Misconfigured software
● Improperly protected network devices
● Missing security patches
● Lack of physical security
Risk Management
Finding different ways to minimize the likelihood of an outcome and achieve the desired outcome.
Confidentiality
Refers to the protection of information from unauthorized access and disclosure.
Ensure that private or sensitive information is not available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes.
Confidentiality is important for 3 main reasons
■ To protect personal privacy
■ To maintain a business advantage
■ To achieve regulatory compliance
To ensure confidentiality, we use five basic methods
■ Encryption
■ Access Controls
■ Data Masking
■ Physical Security Measures
■ Training and Awareness
