Fundamentals of Programming

Question 1

What two things are data types defined by?

Answer 1

1. The values they take
2. The operations that can be performed on them

Question 2

Is -44 an Integer?

Answer 2

Yes.
Integer : Whole number, positive or negative, including 0

Question 3

Which data type can only be true or false?

Answer 3

Boolean

Question 4

What is a user-defined data type?

Answer 4

A data type derived from existing data types in order to create a customised data structure

Question 5

What is assignment?

Answer 5

Giving a constant/variable a value

Question 6

What is iteration?

Answer 6

Repeating an instruction

Question 7

What is a subroutine?

Answer 7

A named block of code with a set of instructions, designed to perform a frequently used operation

Question 8

Which iteration is the number of repetitions not needed before the loop starts?

Answer 8

Condition controlled/Indefinite

Question 9

What visible feature of program code signifies nesting?

Answer 9

Indentation

Question 10

14 DIV 3?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

30 MOD 4

Answer 11

2 (MOD is the remainder)

Question 12

1 XOR 1?

Answer 12

0

Question 13

Advantages of constants over hard-coded values

Answer 13

1. Constants can have identifiers - easier for a human to understand
2. When updating a value, constants only get updated at 1 position

Question 14

What is concatenation?

Answer 14

Join two or more strings together to form a new, longer string

Question 15

What is a seed value used for?

Answer 15

Generating random numbers
(The seed value initialises it)

Question 16

What name is given to code which is ran to handle an exception?

Answer 16

Catch block

Question 17

What subroutine always returns a value?

Answer 17

Function

Question 18

What do we use parameters for?

Answer 18

Passing data between subroutines in programs

Question 19

What name is given to the value passed into a parameter?

Answer 19

Argument

Question 20

What type of variable can be accessed from any part of a program?

Answer 20

Global variable

Question 21

Three items stored in a stack frame

Answer 21

1. Return addresses
2. Parameters
3. Local variables

Question 22

What is a recursive subroutine?

Answer 22

A subroutine which is defined in terms of itself, it calls itself.

Question 23

What is a ‘base case’?

Answer 23

The terminating situation in recursion that doesn’t use recursion to produce a result

Question 24

What error will occur if a recursive subroutine never meets its base case?

Answer 24

Stack overflow

Question 25

Break down the meaning of this:
for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)

Answer 25

for (initializer; condition; iterator)