Fundamentals of Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and execretion of drugs by the body

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions

Question 3

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 3

the use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

Question 4

Buccal

Answer 4

Certain drugs are given to prevent destruction in stomach/ small intestine.
buccally: in the pouch between the cheek and teeth

Question 5

Sublingual

Answer 5

Certain drugs are given to prevent destruction in stomach/ small intestine.
sublingually: under the tongue

Question 6

Translingual

Answer 6

Certain drugs are given to prevent destruction in stomach/ small intestine.
translingually: on the tongue

Question 7

Gastric

Answer 7

Administration of a drug into the GI system. This route is used when patients can’t ingest the drug orally. It is accessed through a tube placed directly into the GI systes (ex. G-tube)

Question 8

Intradermal

Answer 8

Drugs are injected into the skin. A needle is inserted 10 to 15-degree angle so that it punctures the skin’s surface. This route is used mainly for diagnostic purposes (ex. testing for allergies, tuberculosis)

Question 9

Intramuscular

Answer 9

The IM route allows drugs to be injected directly into various muscle groups at varying tissue depths. This form of admistration provides rapid systemic action and allows for absorption of relatively large doses (up to 3mL)

Question 10

Intravenous

Answer 10

The IV route allows injection of drugs and other substances directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Can administer drugs, fluids, blood and other things through this route.

Question 11

Oral

Answer 11

This is usually the safest, most convenient, and least expensive route. Oral drugs are administered to patients who are conscious and able to swallow

Question 12

Rectal and Vaginal

Answer 12

Supppositories, oinments, creams, or gels may be instilled into the rectum or vagina to treat local irritation or infection. Some drugs applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can also be absorbed.

Question 13

Respiratory

Answer 13

Some of these drugs can be self-administered by devices such as the metered-dose inhaler. The respiratory route is also used in emergencies - for example, to administer some injectable drugs directly into the lungs via an endotracheal tube

Question 14

Subcutaneous

Answer 14

Drugs given by the subcut route include nonirritating aqeous solutions and suspensions contained in up to 1mL of fluid, such as heparin & insulin

Question 15

Topical

Answer 15

This route is used to deliver a drug via the skin or a mucous membrane. This route is used for most dermatologic, opthalamic, otic, and nasal reparations