Fundamentals of Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the disinfectant groups?
Phenols and Phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehydes, alcohols, halogens, biguanide, ethylene oxide, oxidizing agents
what are phenols and phenolics used on?
laundry, floors, walls, and equipment
What are the actions of phenols and phenolics?
moderately bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal
What are the comments for phenols and phenolics?
action not affected by organic material, used as a 2-5% solution on contaminated objects
what are quaternary ammonium compounds used on?
instruments, rubber, inanimate objects
what are the actions of quaternary ammonium compounds?
moderately bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal
What are the comments for quaternary ammonium compounds?
action not affected by hard water
What are aldehydes used on?
instruments
what is are examples of aldehyde?
gluteraldehyde, Cidex-OPA, and formaldehyde
What is the action of gluteraldehyde?
highly bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal
What are the comments on gluteraldehyde?
action not affected by organic materials or hard water
What are the comments on Cidex-OPA?
all items processed with aldehydes need to be rinsed with water prior to use
What are the comments on formaldehyde?
use in areas of good ventilation, avoid skin and eye contact and inhalation of vapors
What is the action of Cidex-OPA?
highly bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and tuberculocidal
What is the action of formaldehyde?
highly bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and tuberculocidal
What are examples of alcohols?
50% and 70%
What are alcohols used on?
70% instruments, 50% thermometers
What is the action of alcohols?
highly bactericidal, some virucidal action, and poor fungicidal action
What are the comments on alcohols?
70% solution usually used, affected by organic material and dirt
What are examples of halogens?
chlorines: Chlorox and iodophors: Betadine
What are the uses for chlorines?
floors and cages
What are the uses for iodophors?
presurgical scrub, thermometers
what are the actions of halogens?
moderately to highly bactericidal, highly virucidal, moderate to highly fungicidal and some sporicidal activity
What are the comments on halogens?
Chlorines: corrosive to surfaces, vapors can be irritating, (both) Iodine tincture is about 2%
What is an example of biguanide?
chlorhexidine
What are the uses for biguanide?
skin wounds, presurgical scrub, oral cleaning solutions, and cages
What are the comments for biguanide?
residual action of about 24 hours due to binding to the skin
what are the actions of biguanide?
highly bactericidal, moderately virucidal, and poorly fungicidal
What is the use for ethylene oxide?
rubber goods, blankets, and lensed instruments
what are the actions of ethylene oxide?
highly bacterial, virucidal and fungicidal
what are the comments on ethylene oxide?
“gas sterilization” for object that cannot withstand heat, carefully read MSDS prior the handling, keep away from flames and sparks
what are examples of oxidizing agents?
hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid
What are the uses from oxidizing agents?
cleaning wounds and floors, foot bath
What are the actions of oxidizing agents?
moderately to highly bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal
what are the comments on oxidizing agents?
causes oxygen release, which kills anaerobic bacteria, action not affected by organic matter or hard water.
What is an example of ethylene oxide?
“killer”
