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Natural Nutrition > Fundamentals of Nutrition (Part 1) > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Nutrition (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the CONDITIONAL amino acids?

A

Arginine, Carnitine, Citrulline, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Ornithine, Proline, Taurine, Tyrosine

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2
Q

What are the NON-ESSENTIAL amino acids

A

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Homocysteine, Serine

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3
Q

What are the ESSENTIAL amino acids?

A

Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lycine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonoine, Tryptophan, Valine

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4
Q

What acts as a “gate” between the stomach and small intestine?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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5
Q

How much chyme can the pyloric sphincter let through at a time

A

1-5ml twice per minute

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6
Q

Where does beneficial bacteria live in the body?

A

Large intestine

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7
Q

How does beneficial bacteria aid in the digestive process?

A

Aids in elimination, breaks down leftover toxic chemicals or bacteria, produces vitamins B and K, and short chain fatty acid butyrate

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8
Q

What processes occur in the stomach? (3 main points)

A

Protein digestion, secretes gastric juices, mechanically churns to mix and break food into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What three alkaline enzymes does the pancreas release into the duodenum, to digest macronutrients?

A

Amylase (to digest carbs), Lipase (fats), Protease (proteins)

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10
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

Anything in the plant world is considered a carbohydrate. Source of fuel/energy for our cells and body

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11
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

A two-sugar molecule carbohydrate (sucrose, lactose, maltose)

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12
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide “sucrose” break down into?

A

glucose/fructose

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13
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide “lactose” break down into?

A

glucose/galactose

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14
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide “maltose” break down into?

A

glucose/glucose

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15
Q

How many secretory glands does the mouth contain?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the 2 categories of polysaccharides?

A

Starch, non-starch

17
Q

What is the main role of the pancreas?

A

Insulin production and secretion

18
Q

Secretory glands which release secretions into a duct is called…

A

exocrine

19
Q

Secretory glands which release secretions into the bloodstream is called…

A

endocrine

20
Q

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

A

Unlock complex macronutrient molecules

21
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the chemical transformation within cells of all living organisms

22
Q

What additional element is found in protein, that is not found in carbs or fats?

A

Nitrogen

23
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

Long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus

24
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

25
Q

What is insulin resistance?

A

With high sugar diets, cells become resistant to the high dose of insulin put out by the pancreas

26
Q

What is fiber?

A

Exclusively a plant nutrient. No universally accepted definition. Creates bulk in stool

27
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking down food by mechanical and chemical action into useable substances

28
Q

What is absorption, and which part of the digestive system does this occur?

A

Where nutrients pass from the intestines into the blood or lymph. The Jejunum.

29
Q

What is bile’s three functions in the digestion process?

A

Alkalinizes chyme (from an acid state), emulsifies fats, lubricates intestines

30
Q

What is the liver’s main role?

A

Filters out toxins and nutrients after absorption and before transport to cells for use

31
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up

32
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down

33
Q

How are enzymes typically names?

A

After the substances they break down using “ase” (ie:L Lactose, lactase)

34
Q

What are the 2 functions of the gallbladder?

A

concentrate and store bile, release bile into the duodenum to aid in digestion

35
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

To propel food using a cylindrical muscle action (called peristalsis)

36
Q

What are the 5 monosaccharides?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose, fucose

Natural Nutrition (1 decks)

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