Fundamentals of Nutrition

Question 1

What are the 3 basic purposes of nutrition?

Answer 1

1. promotion of growth & development
2. provision of energy
3. regulation of metabolism

Question 2

What is BMI? Its equation? its units?

Answer 2

• body mass index
• weight/(height)^2
• kg/m^2

Question 3

what is obese by BMI?

Answer 3

≥30.0

Question 4

what is a major flaw of BMI?

Answer 4

does not account for muscle mass

Question 5

normal BMI

Answer 5

18.5-24.9 kg/m^2

Question 6

overweight

Answer 6

25.0-29.9 kg/m^2

Question 7

obesity -1

Answer 7

≥30 kg/m^2

Question 8

what age(s) does BMI becomes more accurate as a tool?

Answer 8

≥60 years

Question 9

how many calories are in protein?

Answer 9

4 kcal/g

Question 10

how many calories are in carbs?

Answer 10

4 kcal/g

Question 11

how many calories are in fats?

Answer 11

9 kcal/g

Question 12

how many calories are in alc?

Answer 12

7 kcal/g

Question 13

what is a calorie? units of a calorie?

Answer 13

energy

kcal/g

Question 14

macronutiruent distribution range of fat

Answer 14

20-35%

Question 15

macronutiruent distribution range of CHO (carb)

Answer 15

45-65%

Question 16

macronutiruent distribution range of protein

Answer 16

10-35%

Question 17

what 5 macronutrient should you avoid?

Answer 17

1. dietary cholesterol
2. trans fat
3. saturated fats
4. added sugars
5. sodium

Question 18

what are 6 simple sugars?

Answer 18

1. glucose -mono
2. frutose -mono
3. galactose- mono
4. sucrose (glucose + frutose)
5. lactose (glucose + galactose)
6. maltose (glucose + glucose)

Question 19

what are 3 complex sugars?

Answer 19

1. maltodextrin
2. starch (amylose- unbranched glucose)
3. starch (amylopectin- branched glucose)

Question 20

glycemic index

Answer 20

• testing one food for how it would affect blood glucose levels

Question 21

what is the role of fiber in glycemic index/load?

Answer 21

• reduces the glycemic load/index

- slows gastric emptying and increases absorption

Question 22

what type of macronutrient is fiber?

Answer 22

a complex carb

Question 23

what are the 4 essential AA? which 2 are conditionally essential?

Answer 23

1. linoleic acid (LA)
2. alpha-linoelnic acid (ALA)

conditional:

3. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
4. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Question 24

what does it mean by “essential” fatty acids and amino acids?

Answer 24

• must be obtained by diet

Question 25

what are the 3 BCAAs (branched chain AA)?

Answer 25

o Leucine
o Isoleucine
o Valine
- is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms)