Fundamentals Of Kinesiology Flashcards
Defined as the study of movement
Kinesiology
Reference position in locating motion
Anatomical position
AKA X axis
Horizontal axis
AKA HORIZONTAL AXIS
Mediolateral axis
Planes are aalways (perpendicular, parallel) to the axis
Perpendicular
Partner plane of x axis
Sagittal plane
Sagtial plane (x axis) is also known as ___plane
YZ Plane (kung ano natitirang letters)
(2) actions of x axis
Flex
Ext
(Includes DF AND PF)
2 other terms for y axis
Vertical axis
Superoineferior axis
Plane for y axis
Horizontal plane
Other term for horizontal plane
Transverse plane
(4) actions for y axis
ER & IR
Pronate & supinate
Z axis is also known as
Anteroposterior axis
Other name for forntal plane (z axis)
Coronal plane
(5) Actions for z axis or coronal plane
Abd
Add
Lat flex
Radial dev
ulnar dev
State the plane and axis:
Elbow flexion
Sagittal plane, x axis
State the plane and axis:
IP flex
Sagittal plane, x axis
State the plane and axis:
Atlantoaxial rotation
Y axis, horizontal plane
State the plane and axis:
Hip ext
X axis, sagittal plane
State the plane and axis:
Ankle PF
X axis sagittal plane
State the plane and axis:
Hip abd
Z axis, frontal plane
State the plane and axis:
Pronation supination
Y axis transverse plane
State the plane and axis:
IR of shoulder in 90° abd
X axis sagittal plane
State the plane and axis:
Pronation and supination of forearm while elbow is in 90° flex
Z axis coronal plane
State the plane and axis:
ER of hip in 90-90° flex
Z axis coronal plane
What is 1st CMC composed of
1st metacarpal and trapezium
Orientation of 1st cmc
Rotated 90 deg from the palm of the hand
1st cmc is what type of joint and how many axis
Saddle joint, biaxial (2 axes)
State the plane and axis:
Flex and ext of 1st CMC
Z axis, frontal plane
State the plane and axis:
Abd and add of 1sr CMC
X axis, sagittal plane
This type of joint is fused, fixed
Synarthrodial
This type of joint is Composed of fibrous connective tissues
Synarthrodial
(3) Functions od synarthrodial joint
Shock absorption
Stability
Force transmission
(2) examples of synarthrodial joints
Sutures
Gomphosis (mandibel, maxilla, and teeth)
This type of joint is composed of fibrous CT and interosseous membrane, a type of synarthrodial joint
Syndesmosis
(3) examples of syndesmosis
Distal tibiofibular jt
shaft of tibia & fibula
Shaft of radius & ulna
This type of joint is made up of fibrous connective tissue & cartilage
Amphiaethodial jt
What is amphiarthrodial joint made up of? (3)
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilage
Disc in between
What is synarthrodial joint made up of? (1)
Fibrous connective tissue
(2) Funtions of amphiaethodial jts
Stability
Limited mobility
(2) Examples joints of amphiarthodial
Symphysis pubis
IV disc
Synchondrosis (epiphyseal plate & 1st sternoclavicular jt)
This type of joint is Made up of synovial fliud, synovial capsule
Diarthrodial jt
What is diarthrodial jt made out of? (2)
Synovial fluid
Synovial jt capsule
Purpose of diarthrodial jt
Mobility
AKA hinge jt
Ginglymus
AKA ginglymus
Hinge jt
Movements in this type of diarthrodial joint happens in the x axis or sagittal plane
Hinge/ ginglymus
(4) Example of hinge jt
Elbow
IP jt
Knee
Ankle jt
AKA pivot jt
Trochoid jt
AKA trochoid jt
Pivot jt
Axis and plane of pivot/ trochoid jt
Y axis transverse plane
Action available for pivot or trochoid jt
Rotation
AKA “no” joint
Atlantoaxial jt
(3) Examples of pivot/ trochoid jt
Atlantoaxial jt
Proximal radioulnar jt
Distal radioulnar jt
What (2) planes do the condyloid and ellipsoid move in?
Frontal and sagittal plane
(3) Examples of condyloid jt (flex ext & abd add)
MCP jt
Atlanto-occipital jt
Wrist jt
AKA “yes” jt
Atlanto occipital jt
AKA saddle jt
Sellar jt
aka sellar jt
Saddle jt
(1) example of saddle/sellar jt
1st CMC jt
AKA Ball and socket jt
Enarthrodial jt
AKA enarthrodial jt
Ball and socket jt
(2) examples of enarthrodial jt
Should jt
Hip jt
All point meet new points
Rolling/rocking
One point meets new points
Gliding/sliding
One point remains in contact with the same point
Spinning
Rolling of the joint moves (opposite, same) with the segment
If the bony shaft moves anteriorly, rolling moves (posteriorly, anteriorly)
Same, anteriorly
Gliding (depends, does not depend) on the shape of the joint
Depends
If the shape of the articulation is convex, the sliding is (opposite, same)
Opposite
If the shape of the articulation is concave, the sliding is (opposite, same)
Same
What is the direction of roll & glide of CKC of knee ext
Roll anteriorly
Glide posteriorly
*Consider the same for gliding
Concave same sa rolling
clinical application (jt mob)
LOM of SH towards Flex
Goal: to inc SH Flex
State the FF:
OPP of SH
Type of jt
Convex concave rule (direction of roll & glide)
Diarthrodial jt
Opp: 55° flex, 30° abd (scaption)
Roll: ant
Glide: post
clinical application (jt mob)
LOM towards knee ext
Goal: to inc knee ext
State the FF:
OPP of knee
Type of jt
Convex concave rule (direction of roll & glide)
OPP: 25° flex
Hinge
Rolling: ant
Gliding: ant
Most prevalent force
Gravity
AKA center of mass
Center of gravity
AKA center of gravity
Center of mass
Theoretical point where the concentration of mass is located
Center of gravity or center of mass
Where is the center of gravity located in the adult body
Slightly ant to S2, near ASIS
Male: slightly higher
Female: slightly lower
Contraction without change in jt position
Isometric contraction
Contraction wherein there is maintaining the same tone throughout the ROM
Isotonic
Contraction with the same rate throughout ROM, it has a time component
Isokinetic
Contraction where muscles shorten
Concentric (doing the action of the muscle)
Contraction where muscle is controlled lengthening
Eccentric contraction
Eccentric contraction of biceps is towards ext
Kung ano opposite ng intended acction ng muscle, basta controlled
This insufficiency will not allow further movement of the other muscle (opposite to targeted muscle)
Passive Insufficiency
Insufficiency where targeted muscles are lengthened
Passive Insufficiency (stretched na masyado)
Insufficiency where targeted muscle is shortened
Active insufficiency
Insufficiency where there is dec strength/force of contraction
Active insufficiency
Prime mover
Agonist (bida)
Opposite of agonist– location and action is opposite of agonist
Antagonist
Prevents unwanted movement of agonist
Synergist
What is in the middle of Class 1 lever
Fulcrum or axis
What is in the middle of class 2 lever
Weight or resistance
What is the middle of the class 3 lever
Effort or force
Lever for balance, stability, speed
Class 1 lever
What is the function (3) of class 1 lever
Balance, stability, speed
Fulcrum in levers are usually found in ____
Joints
Weight in levers are usually found in ____
Segment, externally applied forces
Effort in levers are usually found in ____
Muscles
This lever is used for power
Class 2
Class 2 lever function (1)
Power
Class lever for speed
Class 3
Function for class 3 lever
Speed
Abduction and Adduction of the shoulder occurs
at:
A. XY plane
B. YZ plane
C. XZ plane
D. A and B
A. XY plane
- When a muscle assist the agonist to contract
efficiently and remove unwanted movements, it is the
A. Synergist
B. Prime mover
C. Antagonist
D. Fixator
A. Synergist
The following are examples of Hinge Joints,
except:
A. Humeroulnar
B. Talocrural
C. Metacarpophalangeal
D. Interphalangeal
C. Metacarpophalangeal
True about Open Kinematic Chain:
A. For fast or skillful movement
B. For power and stability
C. proximal segment is moving
D. Distal segment is fixed
A. For fast or skillful movement
This is made up of fibrous and hyaline cartilage
and typically have a disc in between the bony partners
A. Synarthrosis
B. Diarthrosis
C. Amphiarthrosis
D. none of these
C. Amphiarthrosis
Which of the following statements FALSELY
describe the 2nd class lever?
A. LEAST common lever
B. commonly seen in tip toeing
C. The point of resistance application is between the fulcrum and the effort.
D. None of the above
A. LEAST common lever
It is the axis of rotation that is present is sagittal
plane
A. X axis
B. Z axis
C. Y axis
D. supero-inferior axis
A. X axis
Epiphyseal plate:
A. Synchondrosis
B. Diarthosis
C. Gomphosis
D. NOTA
A. Synchondrosis
Also known as trochoid joint
A. Saddle
B. Pivot
C. ginglymus
D. condyloid
B. Pivot
Divides the body into Superior and Inferior halves
A. Sagittal
B. Transverse
C. Frontal
D. none of the above
B. Transverse
Study of forces that either produce or resist
movement.
A. Kinetics
B. arthrology
C. Kinematics
D. Biomechanics
A. Kinetics
The following exercises presents Closed
Kinematic Chain, Except:
A. Chin ups/ Pull ups
B. Seated push ups
C. Biceps Curls
D. Half squats
C. Biceps Curls
A therapist will perform joint mobilization
technique in a patient with LOM towards knee extension. Using the convex-concave principle, in which direction should the therapist mobilize the patient’s knee?
A. Posteriorly
B. Laterally
C. Anteriorly
D. Medially
E. Any direction
C. Anteriorly
Also known as coronal axis:
A. mediolateral
B. superoinferior
C. vertical
D. anteroposterior
D. anteroposterior
The force of gravity acting on an object is always
vertically downward toward the center of the earth, this is referred to as:
A. Line of Gravity
B. Center of Gravity
C. Center of Mass
D. NOTA
A. Line of Gravity
Motions such as lateral and medial rotation of
shoulder while in 90 deg shoulder abduction is seen on which plane
A. Frontal
B. sagittal
C. Transverse
D. none of these
B. sagittal
Composition of Anatomical Position:
A. toes are facing forward
B. Shoulder abducted
C. Head flexed
D. Palms facing the body
A. toes are facing forward
Radiocarpal joint is an example of:
A. Condyloid
B. Elipsoid
C. Saddle / Sellar
D. Ball and socket
A. Condyloid
Type of joint with fibrous and cartlaginous structures:
A. Synarthrodial
B. Amphiarthrodial
C. Diarthrodial
D. All of the above
Synarthrodial
The following are examples of synarthrodial joint:
A. Syndesmosis
B. Sutures
C. epiphyseal plate
D. All of the above
B. Sutures
glenohumeral and acetabulofemoral joints are
examples of:
A. syndesmosis
B. Hinge
C. Trochoid
D. Ball and socket
D. Ball and socket
A type of arthrokinematic motions in which one point meets new points of the other surface:
A. Rolling
B. Sliding
C. Spinning
D. All of the above
B. Sliding
Squatting is an example of:
A. open kinematic chain
B. Close kinematic chain
C. Open packed position
D. Close packed position
B. Close kinematic chain
What is the functional role of the biceps during elbow flexion?
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. All of the above
A. Agonist
What is the functional role of the triceps during elbow flexion?
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. All of the above
B. Antagonist
Rotator cuff muscles fix the shoulder joint in order for the biceps brachii generate further force as elbow flexor, what functional role does the rotator cuff muscle perform?
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Synergist
D. All of the above
C. Synergist
When the therapist place a resistance at the biceps brachii of the patient during contraction, the patient’s muscle contracts but no movement of the elbow joint was observed. What type of contraction does the patient’s
biceps brachii perform?
A. Isometric
B. Isotonic
C. Isokinetic
D. Concentric
A. Isometric
Type of lever that resembles a seesaw
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV
A. Class I
Type of lever that resembles a wheelbarrow
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV
B. Class II
Unilateral standing is an example of which lever?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV
A. Class I
Transverse Plane is formed by which 2 pairs of axes?
A. a pair of X axis and a pair of Y axis
B. a pair of Y axis and a pair of Z axis
C. a pair of X axis and a pair of Z axis
D. none of the above
C. a pair of X axis and a pair of Z axis
Flexion – Extension of 1st CMC occurs at
A. X axis
B. Y axis
C. Z axis
D. None
C. Z axis
This study focuses specifically on the minute
movements occurring within the joint and between the joint surfaces
A. Osteokinematics
B. Arthrokinematics
C. Kinetics
D. Kinesiology
B. Arthrokinematics
Lateral trunk flexion occurs in which plane?
A. Sagittal plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Transverse plane
D. All of the above
B. Frontal plane
It is the type of arthrokinematic motion in which one point meets new points of the other surface
A. Rolling
B. Sliding
C. Spinning
D. All of the above
B. Sliding
The direction of sliding of tibia during OKC knee
extension is:
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Lateral
D. Medial
A. Anterior
The direction of rolling of femur during CKC knee
extension is:
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Lateral
D. Medial
A. Anterior
COG is located at:
A. Falls near the PSIS
B. Posterior to S2
C. Higher in male
D. Higher in female
C. Higher in male
Type of insufficiency in which there is a full elongation of muscle which prevents further shortening by its opposite muscle
A. Passive insufficiency
B. Active Insufficiency
A. Passive insufficiency
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Leg press
A. OKC
B. CKC
A. OKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Squats
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Push ups
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Tiptoe
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Biceps Curls
A. OKC
B. CKC
A. OKC
- Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: hamstrings Curls
A. OKC
B. CKC
A. OKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Pull ups
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: Chin ups
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: floating phase of running
A. OKC
B. CKC
A. OKC
Identify the activity if OKC or CKC: stance phase of
walking
A. OKC
B. CKC
B. CKC
