Fundamentals of IT Flashcards
Difference between software and hardware
Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives.
Define the CPU
The CPU controls the speed at which instructions are retrieved and processed in the computer.
The IPOS cycle
Once words, numbers, or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information the can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs.
The correct function of the compiler
Translates the entire program, creating an executable program, which can be run at a later time.
Hierarchical database format
Data are modeled using parent-child relationships.
Parts of an URL
Protocol, Host name, TLD
The server addresses protocols such as: IMAP, POP3, SMTP, HTTP, MAPI, and MIME
Email server
What is another term that defines a script?
Interpreted program
In this phase of the SDLC, architects think about the components that they would need to solve the problem or implement the plan.
Design
Statements represents the relevant characteristics of quality data.
The data uses applies to the question being answered, has been gathered using consistent, detailed collection processes, has been inputted correctly and is accurate for its intended use, and is current enough to still serve its purpose for being accessed.
To respond to requests most typically come from web browsers such as HTTP.
Web server
A scanner is a peripheral device for what system?
I/O
What is the definition of business intelligence?
Business intelligence is a term used to reflect the knowledge a business can create by analyzing data gathered from multiple sources
Learning about social engineering and how to protect passwords is…
Education
In this phase of testing the system is given to a segment of end users for testing from their perspective before the final version is released.
Beta
In the SQL query, the __ operation combines two tables together?
JOIN
The difference between information systems and information technology
An information system does not have to use computer hardware; whereas information technology requires the use of hardware and software.
Which types of software includes programs such a Microsoft Word and PowerPoint?
Application
During which generation did computers begin to see widespread use in business?
Third generation
A local area network (LAN)
Allows hardware sharing within one office
The purpose of expansion slots in modern computers
Expansion slots allow additional cards to be connected to the motherboard that interface with peripheral devices
Difference between memory and the hard drive
Memory stores instructions and data used by programs in the moment; whereas a hard drive stores data, programs, and files that can be accessed at a future time.
The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS of the specific criteria the data should match to be returned as the output of the query
WHERE clause
What is a program that will allow a computer to easily access the hardware and software of the computer system?
Operating System
As a news sales manager, Edgar is studying the historical and current sales report numbers to determine the top three salespersons of the year. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Edgar working?
Knowledge
During ___ users test the system in an operational setting to make sure the system continues to align with business objectives and meet the goals of the stakeholders
User Acceptance Testing
With ___ an IT department resources (i.e . Servers, data storage) are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
____ uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic
Optical Wire
Accurate definition of computer system
A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
A Platform as a Service is the ability to quickly and consistently develop and deliver applications
In a ____ shell forward slash (/) is used to express directory paths?
Linux
The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS what fields or attributes are of interest (and where they are located, i.e. which table/relation they can be found in)
SELECT
What is an advantage of outsourcing?
Cost-effective if time is constrained
This form of cloud computing is offered as a service by some major organizations, such as Amazon and Google, and used extensible by app developers. Its intent is to be able to quickly and reliably develop and deliver applications
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Operations used to alter the data within a relation of a database
Update, Delete, Insert
Marcus has a summer job working at a real estate agency. He is entering client addresses into the company’s computer systems. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Marcus working?
Data
The ___ keyword in SQL us used to inform the DBMS what tables are to be interrogated by the query and, if more than one table contains the data of interest, how they are to be combined or joined
FROM
Why is it essential to know what information will be needed from the database from the outset of development?
By knowing the purpose, the developer can determine how many fields are needed in the database. The purpose determines the structure of the database. The developed can determine which data types would help fulfill the purpose.
This type of software is made freely available as source code
Open source software
In 2nd generation computers, which of the following high-level programming languages was created to be business-oriented?
COBOL
During this phase of Project Management, the projects scope and project management plan are defined
Planning phase
What would NOT require the use of a network?
Loading a statistical program on your personal computer
What is NOT the responsibility of the system administrator?
Answering e-mails from potential customers
What best describes the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of networks
Which software is run automatically rather than by the end user?
System software
The ___ includes the protocol, domain, and all subdomains, as well as the resource path ID and name of the document
URL
This type of database is the most common format for storing data as it provides users with a great deal of flexibility, allowing for multiple tables
Relational
Examples of a relational database
A database containing student records with fields such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Major,
GPA that links to other databases in the University’s system
The scope of the project is considered what?
The work that needs to be done
Two are both types of scripting languages
Ruby and Python
