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IT > Fundamentals of IT > Flashcards

Fundamentals of IT Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between software and hardware

A

Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives.

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2
Q

Define the CPU

A

The CPU controls the speed at which instructions are retrieved and processed in the computer.

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3
Q

The IPOS cycle

A

Once words, numbers, or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information the can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs.

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4
Q

The correct function of the compiler

A

Translates the entire program, creating an executable program, which can be run at a later time.

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5
Q

Hierarchical database format

A

Data are modeled using parent-child relationships.

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6
Q

Parts of an URL

A

Protocol, Host name, TLD

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7
Q

The server addresses protocols such as: IMAP, POP3, SMTP, HTTP, MAPI, and MIME

A

Email server

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8
Q

What is another term that defines a script?

A

Interpreted program

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9
Q

In this phase of the SDLC, architects think about the components that they would need to solve the problem or implement the plan.

A

Design

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10
Q

Statements represents the relevant characteristics of quality data.

A

The data uses applies to the question being answered, has been gathered using consistent, detailed collection processes, has been inputted correctly and is accurate for its intended use, and is current enough to still serve its purpose for being accessed.

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11
Q

To respond to requests most typically come from web browsers such as HTTP.

A

Web server

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12
Q

A scanner is a peripheral device for what system?

A

I/O

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13
Q

What is the definition of business intelligence?

A

Business intelligence is a term used to reflect the knowledge a business can create by analyzing data gathered from multiple sources

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14
Q

Learning about social engineering and how to protect passwords is…

A

Education

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15
Q

In this phase of testing the system is given to a segment of end users for testing from their perspective before the final version is released.

A

Beta

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16
Q

In the SQL query, the __ operation combines two tables together?

A

JOIN

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17
Q

The difference between information systems and information technology

A

An information system does not have to use computer hardware; whereas information technology requires the use of hardware and software.

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18
Q

Which types of software includes programs such a Microsoft Word and PowerPoint?

A

Application

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19
Q

During which generation did computers begin to see widespread use in business?

A

Third generation

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20
Q

A local area network (LAN)

A

Allows hardware sharing within one office

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21
Q

The purpose of expansion slots in modern computers

A

Expansion slots allow additional cards to be connected to the motherboard that interface with peripheral devices

22
Q

Difference between memory and the hard drive

A

Memory stores instructions and data used by programs in the moment; whereas a hard drive stores data, programs, and files that can be accessed at a future time.

23
Q

The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS of the specific criteria the data should match to be returned as the output of the query

A

WHERE clause

24
Q

What is a program that will allow a computer to easily access the hardware and software of the computer system?

A

Operating System

25
Q

As a news sales manager, Edgar is studying the historical and current sales report numbers to determine the top three salespersons of the year. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Edgar working?

A

Knowledge

26
Q

During ___ users test the system in an operational setting to make sure the system continues to align with business objectives and meet the goals of the stakeholders

A

User Acceptance Testing

27
Q

With ___ an IT department resources (i.e . Servers, data storage) are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere

A

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

28
Q

____ uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic

A

Optical Wire

29
Q

Accurate definition of computer system

A

A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user

30
Q

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A

A Platform as a Service is the ability to quickly and consistently develop and deliver applications

31
Q

In a ____ shell forward slash (/) is used to express directory paths?

A

Linux

32
Q

The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS what fields or attributes are of interest (and where they are located, i.e. which table/relation they can be found in)

A

SELECT

33
Q

What is an advantage of outsourcing?

A

Cost-effective if time is constrained

34
Q

This form of cloud computing is offered as a service by some major organizations, such as Amazon and Google, and used extensible by app developers. Its intent is to be able to quickly and reliably develop and deliver applications

A

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

35
Q

Operations used to alter the data within a relation of a database

A

Update, Delete, Insert

36
Q

Marcus has a summer job working at a real estate agency. He is entering client addresses into the company’s computer systems. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Marcus working?

A

Data

37
Q

The ___ keyword in SQL us used to inform the DBMS what tables are to be interrogated by the query and, if more than one table contains the data of interest, how they are to be combined or joined

A

FROM

38
Q

Why is it essential to know what information will be needed from the database from the outset of development?

A

By knowing the purpose, the developer can determine how many fields are needed in the database. The purpose determines the structure of the database. The developed can determine which data types would help fulfill the purpose.

39
Q

This type of software is made freely available as source code

A

Open source software

40
Q

In 2nd generation computers, which of the following high-level programming languages was created to be business-oriented?

A

COBOL

41
Q

During this phase of Project Management, the projects scope and project management plan are defined

A

Planning phase

42
Q

What would NOT require the use of a network?

A

Loading a statistical program on your personal computer

43
Q

What is NOT the responsibility of the system administrator?

A

Answering e-mails from potential customers

44
Q

What best describes the Internet?

A

The Internet is a global network of networks

45
Q

Which software is run automatically rather than by the end user?

A

System software

46
Q

The ___ includes the protocol, domain, and all subdomains, as well as the resource path ID and name of the document

A

URL

47
Q

This type of database is the most common format for storing data as it provides users with a great deal of flexibility, allowing for multiple tables

A

Relational

48
Q

Examples of a relational database

A

A database containing student records with fields such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Major,
GPA that links to other databases in the University’s system

49
Q

The scope of the project is considered what?

A

The work that needs to be done

50
Q

Two are both types of scripting languages

A

Ruby and Python

IT (2 decks)

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