Fundamentals Of IR

Question 1

French Size

Answer 1

1 F = 0.33 mm, outer diameter of sheath (size of hole created) is roughly 1.5-2 F larger than reported internal diameter

Question 2

One-part needles

Answer 2

Have cutting bevel, needles used for taking blood or injecting local anesthetic, used as prelude to passage of guidewire into vessel

Question 3

Two-part needles

Answer 3

Have outer shaft and inner stylet, which extends up to or beyond tip of outer shaft

Question 4

Sheathed needles

Answer 4

Feature plastic outer sheath which usually stays in place after needle is removed

Question 5

Puncture needles

Answer 5

described by outer diameter, larger the number smaller the needle

Question 6

Biopsy needles

Answer 6

Purpose: provides diagnostic tissue sample at lowest possible risk
Most samples are taken with standard 21G needles or spinal/Chiba needles

Question 7

Access Kits

Answer 7

Purpose: allows least traumatic initial needle puncture of target and provides method to convert 22G puncture to standard 0.035 guidewire

Question 8

Mini-access set

Answer 8

used for vascular access and has an inner 3F dilator and outer 4F dilator , permits introduction of 035 wire

Question 9

Pedal access kit

Answer 9

needle is only 4cm long, makes back bleeding more obvious when lumen has been accessed, pedal kit comes with 021 inch wire

Question 10

Coaxial access set

Answer 10

Neff/accustick - used for nonvascular intervention, sheath has inner metal stiffener to help prevent kinking of guidewire and support catheters as they pass into deeper structures

Question 11

Guidewires

Answer 11

Purpose: Used in conjunction with catheters to navigate to a target, in addition they provide support

Question 12

Non-steerable guidewires

Answer 12

Generally have a J-shaped or straight tip, provide supportive rail that allows the catheter to be advanced into position but are not designed to negotiate stenosis or select branch vessels

Question 13

Steerable guidewires

Answer 13

Have shaped tips, wire is constructed with good torque control, so when shaft is rotated the tip turns a corresponding amount allowing responsive steering

Question 14

Hydrophilic guidewires

Answer 14

Most steerable wires, which have slippery hydrophilic coating, allows wire to cross even tightest stenosis

Question 15

Stiff guidewires

Answer 15

heavy-duty wires with particularly supportive shafts, may be required to support devices as they pass through occlusions/scar/fibrotic tissue or around challenging anatomy

Question 16

Hybrid guidewires

Answer 16

Steerable floppy tip with a supportive shaft

Question 17

Braided catheters

Answer 17

Have wire reinforcement, gives increased torque and some kink resistance, tend to be rather rigid and more prone to ping in and out of vessels

Question 18

Pigtail catheter

Answer 18

catheter has an endhole and multiple sideholes extending down onto 1-2 cm of distal shaft

Question 19

Cobra

Answer 19

Invaluable catheter for visceral and peripheral selective arteriography, simple to use, does not need to be formed and can be used for catheterization

Question 20

Simmons sidewinder

Answer 20

visceral angiography, can be formed in thoracic aorta, within abdominal aortic aneurysm, or even the abdominal aorta