FUNDAMENTALS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Flashcards
Input?
The data or information that is entered into a computer system.
Output?
The processed or transformed information that is produced by a computer system.
Processing?
The manipulation, transformation, or analysis of the input data to produce meaningful output called information.
CPU?
The Central Processing Unit is the primary component of a computer system that carries out most of the processing inside the computer. It interprets and executes instructions, performs calculations, and manages the flow of data within the computer system.
The CPU consists of two components:
1) Control Unit
2) ALU
Control Unit?
A component of the CPU. The Control Unit manages the execution of instructions, coordinates activities between different components of the CPU, and controls the flow of data within the computer system.
ALU?
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit performs mathematical calculations and logical operations as required by the instructions for the computer system.
Bistable Device?
A bistable device (flip-flop), is a type of electronic circuit that has two stable states and can remain in either state until it receives a signal to change.
RAM?
Random Access Memory hold the temporary operating instructions for the computer. These instructions are volatile and are destroyed when the power is turned off.
ROM?
Read-Only Memory contain operating instructions that can be read, but not changed. These instructions are non-volatile, meaning they are available every time the computer is turned on.
PROM?
Programmable Read-Only Memory contain operating instructions that are programmed with specific data during the manufacturing process.
EPROM
Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory contain operating instructions that are programmed with specific data during the manufacturing process. These instructions can be erased and reprogrammed at any time.
What is X in the standard rate of an optical disk.
1.32 MB/s
Magnetic Tape?
A narrow strip of plastic coated with ferrous oxide. Data is retrieved through sequential access.
Floppy Disk (Diskette)?
A thin circular plastic disk, coated with magnetic material. The diskette must be formatted or divided into areas before data can be written or read on it. These areas are called tracks, sectors and cylinders.
Track?
Section of a Floppy Disk (Diskette)
Concentric rings where data is recorded. Each ring has a number. On a diskette, there are 80 tracks on each surface.
