Fundamentals of Flight Flashcards
The four forces of flight acting on an airplane are…
Lift, weight, thrust, and drag
Bernoulli’s principle in flight
Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface
if an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster…
ground speed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point
When are the four forces that act on the airplane in equilibrium
during unaccelerated flight
The term ‘angle of attack’ is defined as
Between the wing cord line and the relative wind
An airplane said to be inherently stable will
require less effort to control
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane
the location of the CG(center of gravity) with respect to the center of lift
What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane
to control yaw
As altitude increases, indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will
remain the same regardless of altitude
An airplane has been loaded in such a matter that CG (Center of Gravity) is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be…
A) A longer takeoff run
B) Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
C) Remain the same regardless of gross weight
B
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
Stalled
The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will…
A) Increase if the CG(Center of Gravity) is moved forward
B) Change with an increase in gross weight
C) remain the same regardless of gross weight
C)
What is ground effect?
The result of interference of the surface of the earth with the airflow patterns about the airplane
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?
A) Wingtip vortices increase creating wake turbulence problems for arriving and departing aircraft
B) Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating
C) A full stall landing will require less up elevator deflection than would a full stall when done free of ground effect
B
Wingtip vortices are created only when aircraft is
Developing lift
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is
heavy, clean, and slow
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to
Sink into the flight path of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating turbulence
The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a…
A) Light, quartering headwind
B) Light, quartering tailwind
C) Strong headwind
B
How does wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
Outward, upward, and around each tip
What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?
A) Lift equals weight, and thrust equals drag
B) Lift equals drag, and weight equals thrust
C) Lift and weight equals thrust and drag
A
What is one purpose of wing flaps?
A) To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed
B) To relieve the pilot of maintaining continuous pressure on the controls
C) To decrease the wing area to vary the lift
A
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land at
A) Less than the length of the wingspan above the surface
B) twice the length of the wingspan above the surface
C) A higher-than-normal angle of attack
A
When departing behind heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft…
Above and upwind from the heavy aircraft
