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Fundamentals Of Computer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of a computer?

A

To process data and perform calculations.

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2
Q

True or False: A CPU is also known as the central processing unit.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The main memory of a computer is called ______.

A

RAM

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4
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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5
Q

Which component is responsible for executing instructions?

A

CPU

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an input device?
A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Monitor
D) Scanner

A

C) Monitor

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an operating system?

A

To manage hardware and software resources.

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8
Q

True or False: SSD stands for Solid State Drive.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the primary storage device used to store data permanently?

A

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD)

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of data in computing is called a ______.

A

Bit

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11
Q

What does GUI stand for?

A

Graphical User Interface

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of system software?
A) Microsoft Word
B) Windows OS
C) Adobe Photoshop
D) Google Chrome

A

B) Windows OS

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13
Q

What is the function of a motherboard?

A

To connect all components of a computer.

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14
Q

True or False: A computer’s clock speed is measured in hertz (Hz).

A

True

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15
Q

What is the function of a graphic processing unit (GPU)?

A

To render images and video.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the temporary storage area for data that is being processed.

A

Cache

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17
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

Basic Input/Output System

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following storage types is the fastest?
A) HDD
B) SSD
C) CD-ROM
D) USB Drive

A

B) SSD

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19
Q

What is the purpose of device drivers?

A

To allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

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20
Q

True or False: The Internet is a network of networks.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the role of a network interface card (NIC)?

A

To connect a computer to a network.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: A ______ is a set of instructions that a computer can execute.

A

Program

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23
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of malware?
A) Firewall
B) Virus
C) Router
D) Switch

A

B) Virus

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25
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

The delivery of computing services over the internet.

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26
Q

True or False: A URL is a uniform resource locator.

A

True

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27
Q

What does SQL stand for?

A

Structured Query Language

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28
Q

What are the physical components of a computer known as?

A

Hardware

Examples include the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drives, and input/output devices.

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29
Q

Define software in the context of computing.

A

Programs and operating systems (OS) that instruct the hardware on how to perform tasks

Examples include Windows, macOS, and applications like Microsoft Word.

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30
Q

What is data?

A

Raw facts and figures (e.g., numbers, text) that a computer can process.

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31
Q

What is information?

A

Organized, meaningful data that results from computer processing.

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32
Q

What devices send data to the computer?

A

Input devices

Examples include keyboards and mice.

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33
Q

What is the role of the CPU in a computer?

A

Processes data by performing computations and following instructions.

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34
Q

What is primary storage?

A

Temporary memory that holds data for processing (RAM).

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35
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

Permanent storage that saves data long-term (Hard Drives, SSDs).

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36
Q

What is networking in the context of computers?

A

Connecting computers to form networks that allow communication and data exchange.

37
Q

What technology defined the first generation of computers?

A

Vacuum tubes.

38
Q

Name an example of a first-generation computer.

A

ENIAC or UNIVAC I.

39
Q

What technology characterized the second generation of computers?

A

Transistors.

40
Q

What is a characteristic of third-generation computers?

A

Integrated circuits increased processing speed and reduced size and cost.

41
Q

What technology is associated with the fourth generation of computers?

A

Microprocessors.

42
Q

What distinguishes fifth-generation computers?

A

Focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning.

43
Q

What are supercomputers used for?

A

Scientific research, simulations, and large-scale computations.

44
Q

Define general purpose computers.

A

Designed to perform a wide variety of tasks, such as word processing and gaming.

45
Q

What is the main function of the central processing unit (CPU)?

A

Carries out instructions from computer programs.

46
Q

What is the function of the control unit (CU) in a CPU?

A

Fetches, decodes, and executes instructions.

47
Q

What are the two main types of RAM?

A
  • DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
  • SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
48
Q

What is the function of ROM?

A

Stores essential programs and data pre-installed by the manufacturer.

49
Q

What is cache memory?

A

A very small but fast type of memory that stores frequently accessed data.

50
Q

What types of devices are categorized as input devices?

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Joysticks
  • Microphone
  • Scanner
51
Q

What types of devices are categorized as output devices?

A
  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speaker
  • Projector
  • Television
52
Q

What is a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)?

A

Magnetic storage devices using rotating disks to store and retrieve data.

53
Q

What is a Solid-State Drive (SSD)?

A

Uses NAND-based flash memory to store data without moving parts.

54
Q

What is the role of operating systems (OS)?

A

Manage hardware resources and provide services for computer programs.

55
Q

What is application software designed for?

A

Perform specific tasks for users, catering to individual needs.

56
Q

Name an example of productivity software.

A

Microsoft Office or Google Docs.

57
Q

True or False: Software is tangible and can be touched.

58
Q

What does the term ‘cloud computing’ refer to?

A

Delivering software and data over the internet instead of installing it on individual devices.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: The brain of the computer is the _______.

A

Central processing unit (CPU).

60
Q

What are tools designed to protect computer systems from threats like viruses and malware called?

A

Security Software

Examples include antivirus programs (Norton, McAfee), firewalls, and encryption software.

61
Q

What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in software applications?

A

Integrating AI into software applications for tasks like automation, prediction, and personalization.

62
Q

What does cloud computing deliver over the internet?

A

Software and data instead of installing it on individual devices.

63
Q

What is open-source software?

A

Software with freely available source code that can be modified and distributed by anyone.

64
Q

What is a computer network?

A

A collection of computers and devices connected together to share resources, communicate, and exchange data.

65
Q

What are nodes in a computer network?

A

Any device connected to the network, such as computers, printers, or smartphones.

66
Q

What are links in a computer network?

A

The physical or wireless pathways that connect nodes, such as cables, fiber optics, or wireless signals.

67
Q

What is the function of a router in a network?

A

Directs data traffic between networks and helps in managing network connections.

68
Q

What does a switch do in a computer network?

A

Connects devices within a single network and facilitates data transfer between them.

69
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A

A hardware component that allows a device to connect to the network.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ covers a small geographic area like a home, office, or school.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

71
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ covers larger geographic areas and requires telecommunications links.

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

72
Q

What is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?

A

Spans a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, typically covering a city or large campus.

73
Q

What is the primary function of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

A

Provides a secure, encrypted connection over a less secure network.

74
Q

What is network topology?

A

The physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network.

75
Q

What is star topology?

A

All nodes are connected to a central hub or switch.

76
Q

What is bus topology?

A

All devices are connected to a single cable.

77
Q

What is ring topology?

A

Nodes are connected in a circular fashion.

78
Q

What is mesh topology?

A

Each node connects to every other node.

79
Q

List three benefits of a computer network.

A
  • Resource Sharing
  • Collaboration
  • Remote Access
80
Q

What is the Internet?

A

A vast network of networks that enables global communication and access to information.

81
Q

What does the World Wide Web (WWW) refer to?

A

The system of interlinked documents and resources, accessed via web browsers.

82
Q

What are ISPs?

A

Companies that provide access to the Internet.

83
Q

What is the purpose of an intranet?

A

A private network accessible only to an organization’s staff.

84
Q

What is an extranet?

A

An extension of an intranet that allows access to selected external users.

85
Q

How do email clients function?

A

Software applications that allow users to send and receive emails.

86
Q

What are the key components of an email?

A
  • Recipient
  • Subject Line
  • Body
  • CC
  • BCC
87
Q

True or False: The BCC field allows other recipients to see who else received the email.

88
Q

What protocol is used for sending emails?

A

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

89
Q

What are the two protocols used for receiving emails?

A
  • POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
  • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

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