Fundamentals of Communication & Networking Flashcards
What is a symbol in communication?
A symbol is a particular pattern of bits represented by a signal.
What is baud rate?
Baud rate is the number of signal changes in the medium per second.
How is bit rate defined?
Bit rate refers to the number of bits transmitted over the medium per second.
What is the relationship between bit rate and baud rate?
Bit rate is equal to baud rate multiplied by the number of bits per signal.
Bit rate = Baud rate × № of bits per signal
What is bandwidth in communication?
Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that a communication medium can transmit.
What is latency in communication?
Latency is the difference in time between an action being initiated and its effect being noticed.
What is a protocol in communication?
A protocol is a set of rules relating to communication between devices.
What is the difference between serial and parallel data transmission?
Serial data transmission sends data one bit at a time over one communication line, while parallel data transmission uses multiple parallel lines to send multiple bits simultaneously.
What is skew in parallel data transmission?
Skew refers to the difference in time taken for one bit to be transferred among the parallel communication lines.
Why is serial data transmission more reliable over long distances?
Serial data transmission doesn’t suffer from skew or crosstalk, making it more reliable over long distances.
What is synchronous data transmission?
Synchronous data transmission uses a shared clock signal to time when signals are sent.
What is asynchronous data transmission?
Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to indicate the duration of a transmission and does not require a shared clock signal.
What is physical network topology?
Physical network topology refers to the actual architecture or structure of a network.
What are the two types of physical network topology mentioned?
The two types are star and bus.
What is a physical star network topology?
In a physical star network, each client has its own direct connection to a central hub.
What are the advantages of a physical star network topology?
Advantages include direct communication between clients, easy addition/removal of clients, and elimination of collisions.
What are the disadvantages of a physical star network topology?
Disadvantages include network failure if the central hub fails and higher installation cost due to cable requirements.
What is a physical bus network topology?
A physical bus network connects clients to a single cable called a backbone.
What are the advantages of a physical bus network topology?
Advantages include lower cost of installation and shared backbone for communication
What are the disadvantages of a physical bus network topology?
Disadvantages include the risk of collisions and network failure if the backbone fails.
What is logical network topology?
Logical network topology refers to the flow of data packets within a network.
What is the difference between a logical bus network and a logical star network?
In a logical bus network, packets are delivered to all clients, while in a logical star network, packets are delivered only to their recipients.
Can a physical star network behave as a logical bus network?
Yes, by running a bus protocol on the hub, a physical star network can distribute packets to all connected clients, behaving like a bus network.
What is client-server networking?
In client-server networking, central servers provide services to clients on the network.