Fundamentals of Chemistry Flashcards
what is the charge and mass of a proton
positive, and 1 amu
what is the charge and mass of a neutron
no charge, 1 amu
what is the mass and charge of an electron
negative, 0.0005458 amu
define ion
the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons
define isotope
same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
define pure substance
consists of atoms with the same number of protons, cannot be broken into simpler species
define compound
consist of more than one type of element and are held together by chemical bonds
define ionic compound
when a non-metal reacts with a metal and a transfer occurs. There is an electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges
properties of ionic compounds
high melting point and can conduct electricity when liquid
define molecular compound
covalent compounds where atoms share electrons, often non-metals
properties of molecular compounds
low melting and boiling points
define empirical formula
gives elements the smallest possible ratio
define skeletal formula
each carbon is represented by a line
define isomer
different molecules have the same formula but different connectivity
define chemical reaction
any process that leads to a chemical transformation of one or more substance into another
how many molecules does a mole contain
6.022x10^23
define attractive force
one that pushes things towards zero (makes them closer)
define repulsive force
pushes things away
define potential well
a dip in energy vs distance graph
define functional group
a part of a molecule which has distinctive chemical properties
IR light will only be absorbed when shone at a sample ifβ¦
- the energy of the radiation corresponds to the energy required to vibrate the molecule
- the vibration leads to the dipole moment of the molecule changing
what is the equation for electromagnetic radiation (speed of light)
wavelength x frequency
what is the equation for energy of a photon
plancks constant x frequency of a photon
define the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
we cannot simultaneously know the location and energy of an electron
define orbital
a region of the atom where an electron is most likely to reside
name the 4 different types of orbitals
different energies (n)
different shapes (l)
different orientations (ml)
different spins (ms)
what is n more commonly known as
the principle quantum number
what is l more commonly known as
the angular momentum quantum number (n-1)
what are orbitals with l=0 known as
s-orbitals
what are orbitals with l=1 known as
p-orbitals
what is an angular node
when the wave function changes sign, the point in the middle is 0, and this is an angular node, l
what are the values of ms
1/2 or -1/2
what did Pauli discover
no two electrons in the same atom can have exactly the same quantum numbers, they can share the same orbital provided ms is different, meaning there is a max of 2 electrons per orbital