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Biochemistry > Fundamentals Of Chemistry > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element?

A

Atom

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2
Q

What is surrounded by one or more electrons in an atom?

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What does the atomic nucleus consist of?

A

Contains protons and usually neutrons

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4
Q

What is the mass of an atomic nucleus?

A

Mass of 1

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5
Q

What charge does the proton have?

A

Positive charge

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6
Q

What charge does the neutron have?

A

Neutral

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7
Q

What is the protons and nucleus held together by?

A

Nuclear force

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8
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

Neutral

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9
Q

Why is the charge neutral?

A

Equal amounts of protons and electrons. The negative and positive charges came each other out

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10
Q

What determines different elements?

A

Atoms that have different protons and also electrons

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11
Q

What determines an isotope?

A

Atom has same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons of the same element.

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12
Q

Who formulated the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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13
Q

What are vertical columns called on the periodic table?

A

Groups

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14
Q

What are horizontal rows called on a periodic table?

A

Periods

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15
Q

What is the top number called on an element for example..
7
Li
3

A

Atomic mass

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16
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

What is the bottom number called on an element for example..
7
Li
3

A

Atomic number

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18
Q

What is atomic number?

A

Number of protons

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19
Q

What does number of protons in an element indicate?

A

Properties of an element
Where is it located in the periodic table

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20
Q

What is molecular mass?

A

Total sum of mass of individual atom

21
Q

What is avgadros number?

A

6.02 x 10^23

22
Q

What does one mole of any substance contain?

A

6.02 x 10^23 particles of that substance
Example: one mole of carbon will have 6.02 x 10^23 carbon atoms

23
Q

How do you calculate amount of moles?

A

Amount of moles= amount(in grams)/molar mass
(in g/mol)

24
Q

What is molar mass the same number as?

A

Molecular mass

25
Q

What do elements in the same groups(columns) have similar?

A

Chemical properties

26
Q

What does the element number and organisation of electrons relate to?

A

Chemical properties and reactivity

27
Q

What is the aim of losing, gaining or sharing electrons?

A

Increase stability

28
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

Any orbital can hold a maximum 2 electrons

29
Q

How many electrons are on the first shell near the nucleus?

A

2

30
Q

How many electrons on the 2nd shell?

A

8

31
Q

How many electrons on 3rd shell?

A

18

32
Q

How many orbitals does the 1st shell have?

A

S orbital

33
Q

How many orbitals does the 2nd shell have?

A

1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals

34
Q

How many orbitals does the 3rd shell have?

A

1 s orbital, 3 p orbitals and 5 d orbitals

35
Q

What is electron configuration?

A

Arrangement of electrons in the shells

36
Q

What is core electrons?

A

Filled Shells closest to nucleus

37
Q

What is valence electrons?

A

Outermost shells in electrons, participate in chemical reactions

38
Q

What does Lewis Dot Structures indicate?

A

Valence electrons

39
Q

What does the group number on periodic table correspond to?

A

Number of valence electrons

40
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms are more stable if they have filled s and p orbitals for their valence electrons. To achieve full octet elements lose or gain electrons

41
Q

What is electronegativity of an atom related to?

A

Ionisation energy and electron affinity

42
Q

What is ionisation energy?

A

Losing and electron

43
Q

What is electron affinity?

A

Gaining an electron

44
Q

What is non polar covalent bonding?

A

Electrons shared equally

45
Q

What is polar covalent bonding?

A

Electrons shared unequally

46
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Electrons transferred

47
Q

Does electronegativity increase or decrease across a period?

A

Increases bc more protons

48
Q

Is down a group increasing or decreasing electronegativity?

A

Decreasing

Biochemistry (1 decks)

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