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BMAT > Fundamentals of Biomaterials > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Biomaterials Flashcards

1
Q

What is any substance synthetic or natural in origin which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body?

A

biomaterial

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2
Q

What is the study of the relationship between the structure, properties, processing and interaction of materials with living tissue or blood?

A

biomaterials science

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3
Q

What is the application of the principles of biomaterials science and engineering to the solution of practical problems of human health, disability, and disease?

A

biomaterials engineering

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4
Q

What are the three types of materials?

A

metals
ceramics and glasses
polymers (i.e. plastics)

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5
Q

What is a group of materials that is based on some combination of materials from the category of metals, ceramics and/or polymers?

A

composite

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6
Q

All of the following are qualities of what type of material?

  • strong
  • luster
  • deformable (ductility or malleability)
  • good conductor of electricity and heat
  • opaque to light
A

metals

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7
Q

What are the three classifications of metals?

A
  • pure alloys
  • alloy
  • amalgam
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8
Q

What is a metal comprised of only a single element?

A

pure alloy

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9
Q

What is a metal composed of more than one element?

A

alloy

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10
Q

What is a mixture or blend of metallic elements with mercury?

A

amalgam

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11
Q

All of the following are examples of what type of material?

  • hard, brittle and often very stiff
  • chemically stable
  • thermally stable
  • very low electrical and thermal conductivity
A

ceramics and glasses

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12
Q

What are the three classifications of ceramics and glasses?

A
  • crystalline ceramics
  • glasses
  • glass-ceramics
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13
Q

What is a crystalline solid developed through ionic bonding of metallic and non-metallic elements?

A

crystalline ceramic

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14
Q

What is an amorphous solid developed through ionic bonding of non-metallic elements?

A

glasses

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15
Q

What is a material formed as a glass and then caused to crystallize through secondary heat treatment?

A

glass-ceramics

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16
Q

All of the following are qualities of what material?

  • low strength and low stiffness
  • low melting point
  • generally low thermal and electrical conductivity
  • comprised of organic molecules?
A

polymers

17
Q

What is a class of category of materials that are comprised of organic molecules arranged in a series of functional units or mers and maintained through covalent bonding?

A

polymers

18
Q

Resin composites are a combinations of _____ and _______.

A

polymer, ceramic or glass

19
Q

What is the intensity of force flowing through a body?

A

stress

20
Q

What is the intensity of deformation?

A

strain

21
Q

What is caused by permanent damage that prevents an object from going back to its original shape?

A

yielding

22
Q

In the ____ region, all deformation is reversible.

A

elastic

23
Q

In the ____ region, deformation is permanent.

A

plastic

24
Q

______ is the materials resistance to fracture.

A

Toughness

25
Q

________ (also known as K1C) is a measure of toughness of the material using a specimen containing a pre-existing crack.

A

Fracture toughness

26
Q

____ is the materials resistance to surface penetration or indentation.

A

Hardness

27
Q

What is the process in which molecules of gas or liquid firmly attach to a liquid or solid, thereby causing a decrease in the surface energy?

A

adsorption

28
Q

What is a process in which molecules of a gas or liquid penetrate the surface and progress into the solid via diffusion?

A

absorption

29
Q

What is the condition in which both adsorption and absorption occur and neither process appears to dominate the interaction?

A

sorption

30
Q

What is the quantity of heat passing through a body 1-cm thick with a cross-section of 1 cm squared when the temperature difference is 1 degree Celsius?

A

thermal conductivity

31
Q

What is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material by 1 degree Celsius?

A

specific heat

32
Q

What is a measure of transient heat-flow?

A

thermal diffusivity

BMAT (2 decks)

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