Fundamentals of Biomaterials

Question 1

What is any substance synthetic or natural in origin which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body?

Answer 1

biomaterial

Question 2

What is the study of the relationship between the structure, properties, processing and interaction of materials with living tissue or blood?

Answer 2

biomaterials science

Question 3

What is the application of the principles of biomaterials science and engineering to the solution of practical problems of human health, disability, and disease?

Answer 3

biomaterials engineering

Question 4

What are the three types of materials?

Answer 4

metals
ceramics and glasses
polymers (i.e. plastics)

Question 5

What is a group of materials that is based on some combination of materials from the category of metals, ceramics and/or polymers?

Answer 5

composite

Question 6

All of the following are qualities of what type of material?

• strong
• luster
• deformable (ductility or malleability)
• good conductor of electricity and heat
• opaque to light

Answer 6

metals

Question 7

What are the three classifications of metals?

Answer 7

• pure alloys
• alloy
• amalgam

Question 8

What is a metal comprised of only a single element?

Answer 8

pure alloy

Question 9

What is a metal composed of more than one element?

Answer 9

alloy

Question 10

What is a mixture or blend of metallic elements with mercury?

Answer 10

amalgam

Question 11

All of the following are examples of what type of material?

• hard, brittle and often very stiff
• chemically stable
• thermally stable
• very low electrical and thermal conductivity

Answer 11

ceramics and glasses

Question 12

What are the three classifications of ceramics and glasses?

Answer 12

• crystalline ceramics
• glasses
• glass-ceramics

Question 13

What is a crystalline solid developed through ionic bonding of metallic and non-metallic elements?

Answer 13

crystalline ceramic

Question 14

What is an amorphous solid developed through ionic bonding of non-metallic elements?

Answer 14

glasses

Question 15

What is a material formed as a glass and then caused to crystallize through secondary heat treatment?

Answer 15

glass-ceramics

Question 16

All of the following are qualities of what material?

• low strength and low stiffness
• low melting point
• generally low thermal and electrical conductivity
• comprised of organic molecules?

Answer 16

polymers

Question 17

What is a class of category of materials that are comprised of organic molecules arranged in a series of functional units or mers and maintained through covalent bonding?

Answer 17

polymers

Question 18

Resin composites are a combinations of _____ and _______.

Answer 18

polymer, ceramic or glass

Question 19

What is the intensity of force flowing through a body?

Answer 19

stress

Question 20

What is the intensity of deformation?

Answer 20

strain

Question 21

What is caused by permanent damage that prevents an object from going back to its original shape?

Answer 21

yielding

Question 22

In the ____ region, all deformation is reversible.

Answer 22

elastic

Question 23

In the ____ region, deformation is permanent.

Answer 23

plastic

Question 24

______ is the materials resistance to fracture.

Answer 24

Toughness

Question 25

________ (also known as K1C) is a measure of toughness of the material using a specimen containing a pre-existing crack.

Answer 25

Fracture toughness

Question 26

____ is the materials resistance to surface penetration or indentation.

Answer 26

Hardness

Question 27

What is the process in which molecules of gas or liquid firmly attach to a liquid or solid, thereby causing a decrease in the surface energy?

Answer 27

adsorption

Question 28

What is a process in which molecules of a gas or liquid penetrate the surface and progress into the solid via diffusion?

Answer 28

absorption

Question 29

What is the condition in which both adsorption and absorption occur and neither process appears to dominate the interaction?

Answer 29

sorption

Question 30

What is the quantity of heat passing through a body 1-cm thick with a cross-section of 1 cm squared when the temperature difference is 1 degree Celsius?

Answer 30

thermal conductivity

Question 31

What is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material by 1 degree Celsius?

Answer 31

specific heat

Question 32

What is a measure of transient heat-flow?

Answer 32

thermal diffusivity