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Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 1 > Fundamentals - History > Flashcards

Fundamentals - History Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed wine cultivation within the indigenous Italian population in the North and centre of Italy?

A

Etruscans

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2
Q

What is the name used for vine training up trees as natural supports

A

Alberata or vite maritata all’albero

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3
Q

Who developed wine cultivation in the Southern half of Italy in the 8 to 6th C BCE?

A

The Greeks

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4
Q

Who unified Italy in 42BCE?

A

The Romans

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5
Q

Who wrote the winemaking text “De re rustica”

A

Columella

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6
Q

What containers did the Romans use to transport wine?

A

Amphora

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7
Q

What happened to wine production during the Middle Ages?

A

Quality declined

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8
Q

What is Mazzadria?

A

Sharecropping (typically 50% for the landowner)

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9
Q

What is a Communi

A

A city state, typically centred around the large cities

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10
Q

What are “signorie”

A

Noble families ruling city states

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11
Q

What is the Rinascimento?

A

Italian Renaissance (13C to 16C)

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12
Q

Why didn’t glass bottles become commonplace in Italy until the 19th C?

A

Lack of export markets

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13
Q

What is il Risorgimento?

A

The Resurgence - Italy’s political unification

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14
Q

What caused many indigenous varieties to be replanted in the early 20th C?

A

Phylloxera

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15
Q

What was the first DOC approved?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

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16
Q

Who influenced modern Italian winemaking practices?

A

Giacomo Tachis

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17
Q

Which tribe were promoting viticulture in the western Mediterranean prior to the 8C BCE?

A

The Phoenicians

18
Q

Who developed an export market for Italian wines in the 7C BCE?

A

The Etruscans

19
Q

What did “De re rustica” identify to support grape growing?

A

Ideal soils and areas for each grape variety

20
Q

What were Caecubum, Falernum and Mamertinum?

A

Renowned wines considered Roman Italy’s first Grand Crus

21
Q

What was the capital of the eastern Roman Empire?

A

Constantinople

22
Q

Who’s invasion of northern Italy led to the decline of wine production in the Western Roman Empire?

A

Goths and Vandals

23
Q

What wine drinking practice was considered barbaric by the Romans?

A

Drinking wine straight (i.e. undiluted by water)

24
Q

Who maintained viticulture during the dark ages?

A

The monastic orders

25
Q

What was the typical form of governmental power in Italy in the 12th C?

A

City States (“Communi”)

26
Q

During the 11 to 13C, how did wine storage change?

A

Wine was stored in barrels rather than amphora

27
Q

What were the “maritime republics”?

A

Italian coastal cities (Venice, Genova and Pisa) which became some of the most powerful city states in europe

28
Q

Why didn’t the city states trade with each other?

A

Complex duties, tariffs and tolls

29
Q

When did the Italian Renaissance take place?

A

13C to 16C

30
Q

Where did the Italian Renaissance start?

A

Florence

31
Q

What event, in 1720, enabled “il Risorgimento”

A

The Dutch of Savoy taking control of Sardinia - which made the duchy a major power

32
Q

What event started Italy’s political unification?

A

“il Risorgimento”

33
Q

When was the Kingdom of Italy formed?

A

1861

34
Q

What is Odium?

A

Powdery Mildew

35
Q

What is Peronospora?

A

Downy Mildew

36
Q

What event finally resulted in the full unification of Italy

A

The end of the 1st World War - Italy annexed Trentino, Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia from the Austro-Hungarian empire

37
Q

When was Italy declared a republic?

A

At the end of WWII

38
Q

When was the DOC system introduced to Italy?

A

1963

39
Q

What is the name of a single vineyard wine in Barolo?

A

“Vigna”

40
Q

what percentage of wine production comes from Italy?

A

19.3%

41
Q

What percentage of world wine exports by volume does Italy account for?

A

20.5%

Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 1 (7 decks)

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