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Fundamentals > Fundamentals Final Exam > Flashcards

Fundamentals Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

after surgery, what do you do for a pt who has constipation?

A

get them moving (walking up and down the hall), fiber, water

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2
Q

how do you decrease lifestyle stress?

A

exercise, healthy diet, prayer, rest

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3
Q

Who is most at risk for fluid volume deficit?
6mo learning to drink from sippy cup
12yo moderately active in 80 degree weather
43yo with severe diarrhea
90yo with headaches

A

43 yo with severe diarrhea

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4
Q

what do you check stool for?

A

color, odor, consistency

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5
Q

what’s the best way to determine fluid status?

A

daily weights (same time, same clothes, same scale, after voiding, before breakfast)

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6
Q

what are some myths about older adults?

A

they have to be in ECFs, they smell, they have grey hair, they’re confused

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7
Q

range of motion exercises

A

flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion

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8
Q

what do you do for pain during ROM exercises?

A

give pain meds 30 minutes beforehand; only extend to the point of discomfort

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9
Q

in a nursing dx, what are the “defining characteristics”?

A

signs and symptoms (AEB)

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10
Q

when talking to a patient, what is clarifying?

A

restating what they say to show that you understand

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11
Q

how do you chart hearing clear breath sounds?

A

no adventitious sounds

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12
Q

what’s the difference between a nursing diagnosis and a medical diagnosis?

A

medical diagnoses deal with the physiologic or medical condition; nursing diagnoses deal with the response to alteration in health (signs and symptoms)

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13
Q

where is the apical pulse taken?

A

fifth intercostal space on the left

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14
Q

fahrenheit to celsius conversion?

A 
F = 9/5C + 32
C = 5/9(F-32)
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15
Q

what’s the difference between subjective and objective data?

A

subjective - what the pt tells you (symptom)

objective - data (sign)

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16
Q

what’s the difference between closed and open ended questions?

A

closed ended questions have a definite answer

open ended questions require a longer explanation

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17
Q

which pulse cannot accurately be taken on both sides of the body at the same time?

A

carotid

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18
Q 
which is an independent nursing action?
administering meds
ordering a CT scan
providing teaching
sending the pt to PT
A

providing teaching

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19
Q

what’s one advantage to using a nursing dx?

A

it’s universal

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20
Q

what’s the important diagnosis acronym and what does it stand for?

A

NANDA - north american nursing diagnosis association

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21
Q 
pt with serious vitamin c deficiency would have:
muscle weakness
bleeding gums
night blindness
confusion
A

bleeding gums

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22
Q

what is the soft palate?

A

the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth; responsible for closing off the nasal passageway during swallowing and for closing off the airway

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23
Q

what do you do before repositioning a pt with a urinary cath, IV, and O2 via nasal cannula?

A

make sure all the tubes are connected, stable, and correctly positioned

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24
Q

what do you do for a pt who has difficulty swallowing aspirin?

A

crush it (first option) or see if they have a different format

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25
Q

what are some barriers to effective communication?

A

being defensive, giving your opinion, making assumptions

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26
Q

what’s the best way to control transmission of organisms?

A

hand hygiene

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27
Q

what’s the difference between empathy and sympathy?

A

empathy - relating to your pt because you have been in a similar situation
sympathy - comforting your pt and/or their familiy

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28
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

1) physiological needs
2) safety
3) love and belonging
4) self-esteem
5) self-actualization

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29
Q

what’s the most therapeutic response to a pt who wants you to pray with him?

A

“how would you like us to pray?”

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30
Q

what’s the best way to obtain a clean catch midstream urine specimen (CCMS)?

A

wipe first with towelette, start stream of urine, obtain specimen, finish urinating

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31
Q

what’s the primary purpose of TED hose?

A

to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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32
Q

what’s the primary reason you don’t want pts to strain during BMs?

A

arrhythmias

33
Q

what’s the trend with the color of blood in stool?

A

the higher up the bleeding, the darker the blood in the stool

34
Q

what do you do if you have a pt that reports feeling dizzy after getting out of bed?

A

1) help him sit down

2) take vitals

35
Q

how do you transfer pt from bed to chair using a gait belt?

A

have your feet planted flat on the floor with the pt facing you (and don’t forget - the gait belt goes on the pt, not you!)

36
Q

how do you administer eyedrops?

A

head tilted back, have them look up, drop it in the lower conjunctival sac, do not let the dropper touch the eye

37
Q

what do we use instead of “cc”?

A

mL

38
Q

rules regarding pt restraints

A

physician’s order every 24 hours, take restraints off every 1-2 hours, check skin, observe the pt more often

39
Q

what does inversion of the foot look like?

A

ankle is turned so the sole of the foot moves medially toward the footline

40
Q

which fluid loss is most difficult to measure?

A

insensible (lungs, skin)

41
Q

documentation - know what you should and shouldn’t chart

A
  • bilateral breath sounds clear (yes)
  • needle tracks on right arm (no because it’s an assumption that they’re needle tracks)
  • “i’m happy i’m going home” -pt (yes)
  • transfer pt from bed to chair with one assist (yes)
42
Q

which vitamin is associated with weak bones? how do you supplement a deficiency?

A

vitamin D - sunlight and milk/dairy products

43
Q

what do you do to determine level of anxiety for a pt who seems nervous and has had no visitors?

A

ask if something is bothering him

44
Q

what can poor people eat that is high in protein?

A

beans and peas

45
Q

what is anorexia nervosa?

A

self-imposed starvation

46
Q

if you have a worried pt with a high degree of emotional stress and loss of income, what should you assess?

A

suicide risk

47
Q

difference between ileostomy and colostomy?

A

ileostomy is higher up because of the location of the ileum

48
Q

when you deal with scientific principles, what is your main focus?

A

rationale

49
Q

when you talk about bathing a pt, when would you give a full bath as opposed to a partial bath?

A

it depends on the pt ability (mobility related to surgery, strength, etc.)

50
Q

your pt is unable to expand lungs completely - what type of breath sounds will you hear?

A

diminished breath sounds

51
Q

what do you do to promote respiratory function in an immobilized pt?

A

have the pt cough, incentive spirometry, deep breathing

52
Q

which part of the nursing process is taking vitals part of?

A

assessment

53
Q

what is the primary reason for pressure ulcers?

A

immobility/not repositioning pt

54
Q

is the nursing process dynamic or static?

A

dynamic (changing)

55
Q

what do you do during the evaluation step of the nursing process?

A

see if pt met goals; if not, determine why and revise the goals

56
Q

kubler-ross stages of death and dying

A 
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
(DABDA)
57
Q

how would you respond to a pt in stages of death and dying?

A

ask open ended questions and reaffirm them

58
Q

what food is a complete protein?

A

EGGS!!!

59
Q

what do you give a confused and disoriented pt to eat?

A

chicken soup

60
Q

when cleaning pt’s eyes, what do you do?

A

turn the pt on the same side as you’re going to clean

61
Q

clear liquid diet

A

broth, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, popsicles

62
Q

full liquid diet

A

same as clear liquid with addition of smooth-textured dairy products (ice cream, custards, pureed vegetables, pudding)

63
Q

pureed diet

A

same as liquid diet, with addition of scrambled eggs, pureed meats/veggies/fruits, mashed potatoes

64
Q

mechanical soft diet

A

ground or finely diced meats, cottage cheese, rice, pancakes, cooked veggies, bananas, peanut butter

65
Q

soft/low residue diet

A

pastas, casseroles, tender meats, desserts without nuts or coconut

66
Q

hard palate

A

bony front part of the roof of the mouth; important for feeding and speech

67
Q

what type of chicken would you offer to a pt with dementia?

A

chicken fingers (finger foods)

68
Q

steps of pt eye care

A

see page 799 for process

69
Q

what are appropriate foods/fluids for a pt with diarrhea?

A

bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet)

70
Q

before you take care of people from other cultures, what should you do?

A

understand your own culture

the same goes for spirituality

71
Q

what’s the primary function of the large intestine?

A

absorption of fluids

72
Q

when you observe a pt for signs of distress, what are you doing?

A

inspecting

73
Q

stress

A

physiological or psychological tension that threatens homeostasis or a person’s psychological equilibrium

74
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

75
Q

vagal response

A

fainting

76
Q

insensible water loss

A

water loss that is continuous and not perceived by the person

77
Q

inference

A

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

78
Q

name the part of a nursing diagnosis

A

PES:
problem (diagnostic label)
etiology (related to)
signs and symptoms (defining characteristics/AEB)

Fundamentals (1 decks)

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