Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals Exam 1 > Fundamentals Exam 1 > Flashcards

Fundamentals Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Florence nightingale’s contribution to nursing practice and education?

A

1)during Crimean war, she asked the secretary of war to allow her to train women to care for the sick and wounded.
2) cleaning up wards, improving ventilation, sanitation and nutrition; lowered death rate from 60% to 1%
3) only nurses should teach other nurses was implemented since.
4) opened first nightingale training school for nurses in England ST. Thomas Hopsital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Roles An LPN must assume ?

A

Provide direct patient care under supervision of RN, Physician, or dentist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

By whom standards of care for nursing practice by LPN is established ?

A

National association of licenses practical nurses ( NALPN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Evidenced based practice ?

A

1) uses the best research evidence coupled with the clinical expertise of the clinician.
2) the use of care concepts, interventions and techniques that are grounded in research and known to promote higher quality of care and living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DRG’s?

A

1) created in 1938 as an attempt to contain rising health care costs.
2) the hospital receives a set amount for a patient who is admitted with a certain diagnosis. They are only allowed a certain number of days and amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HMO’S?

A

1) a type of group practice, enroll Pts for a set fee per month. Provides a network of physicians, hospitals and other healthcare providers.
2) patients must be referred by their primary physician for diagnostic tests, hospitalization and consultation with a specialist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two national HMO’s ?

A

Kaiser permanente and Us family health plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define and identify Examples of nursing interventions ?

A

1) actions taken to improve, maintain or restore health or prevent illness.
EX: assisting a pt with hygiene task such as bathing and toothbrushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

By whom are nurse practice acts are written and enforced ?

A

1) each state has different requirements of nursing licensure& is enforced by that state BON
2) the acts were designed to protect the public and they define the scope of practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Standards of nursing practice: purpose?

A

1) to promote wellness
2) to prevent illness
3) to facilitate coping
4) to restore health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Under whose supervision LPN’S provide direct patient care?

A

The RN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Positive effects of the affordable care Act?

A

1) created health insurance exchanges, expanded eligibility for Medicaid.
2) allowed young adults to remain on their parent’s insurance through age 26
3) stopped insurance providers from denying coverage for preexisting conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Host ?

A

An animal , person or plant that harbors and provides sustenance for another organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of host?

A

The host may be susceptible by age, state of health or broken skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of host?

A

The host may be susceptible by age, state of health or broken skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reservoir

A

Places where microorganisms are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of reservoir?

A

Infected wounds, human or animal waste.
animals and incest’s. Contaminated food or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Portal of entry and examples of ?

A

1) pathogens can enter the body through the mucous membranes of the eye, nose, mouth, trachea or skin.
EX; consuming contaminated food or water, breathing in droplets holding pathogens or contracting virus through broken skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Portal of exit & example of ?

A

1) the route by which a pathogen leaves the body of its host.
EX; GI tract( fences may transport the typhoid tract bacillus from an infected person)
Respiratory tract( microorganisms causing measles, TB, flu )
The skin or mucous membranes ( open or draining wound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phagocytosis & examples of ?

A

1) part of the inflammatory response. Works to destroy or stop invasions.
EX: tissue macrophages and lymphocytic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Artificially acquired immunity?

A

Achieved through injection of vaccines or immunizations that contains dead or inactive microorganisms or their toxins
EX; vaccines such as polio, tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Naturally acquired immunity?

A

Occurs when the body immune system is exposed to a disease or other antigen and produces antibodies to fight it off.
Ex; varicella, influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medical asepsis VS surgical asepsis?

A

Medical asepsis is the practice of reducing the # of organisms present or reducing the risk or transmission of organism. EX: disinfecting contaminated items and hand washing.

SURGICAL ASEPSIS is the practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents that patient’s exposure to living microorganisms. EX; sterilization of all instruments and inanimate equipment, use of sterile supplies and techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PPE

A

Gloves , gowns, masks, protective eyewear, shoe coverings and hair coverings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Needed when there is a chance of being splashed with blood body fluid or infectious materials ( MRSA)

A

Gown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Needed when you will be in contact with airborne pathogens larger than 5 microns.
( influenza or meningitis)

A

Standard mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Needed for microorganisms less than 5 microns ( TB)

A

N-95 mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Needed to prevent fluid from entering eye area.
EX( insertion of cereal venous line can splatter into eye)

A

Protective eyewear such as googles, face shield or glasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Needed if in danger or contamination of hair or microorganism resisting in patient hair. EX( lice)

A

Head covers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Covers from body fluids

A

Shoe covers

31
Q

Needed anytime to protect from body fluids, blood , secretion or excretions

A

Gloves

32
Q

Standard precautions; when to use

A

Developed to facilitate breaking the chain of infection.
1) protect Patient and nurse& are to be used for every patient contact regardless of suspected or confirmed pretense of infections agents.
2) hand hygiene, PPE, cough etiquette, prevention of needle sticks.

33
Q

Patient teaching for wound care?

A

Teach pt how to perform sterile dressing changes and collect and record data about the appearance of the wound

34
Q

Disinfecting cleaners for the home?

A

Chlorine bleach and water at a 1:10 ratio

35
Q

Prions which lack nucleic acids and are not inactivated by usual methods for destroying viruses or bacteria. Do not trigger immune response and causes degenerative neurological diseases such as mad cow disease

A

Cruetzfeldt-jakob disease

36
Q

Rickettsia, which are small round or rod shaped microorganisms that are transmitted by bites from vectors sus as lice, and ticks.

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

37
Q

HAI: define and give an example

A

1) infections transmitted to a person while receiving health care services. Ex ( head cold , flu, or staphylococcal skin infection)

38
Q

How to prevent HAI?

A

1) perform hand hygiene before and after pt care; asses IV line sites for signs of infection at least once per shift and always keep urinary catheter drainage bag below the level of the bladder.

39
Q

Incubation period : define and give example?

A

1) begins when the organism first enters the body and last until onset of symptoms. In many viral diseases, the virus is transmitted during this period.

40
Q

Prodromal period: define and example?

A

1) is the short time from the onset of vague, nonspecific symptoms to the beginning of specific symptoms of infection. Pts may experience malaise, feeling of discomfort. Pt is the most contagious during this stage

41
Q

The convalescent period

A

AKA recovery period begins when symptoms are starting to subside. This is when the nurse must educate patients of the importance of finishing their prescribed medication regimen

42
Q

Active tuberculosis: appropriate care and PPE?

A

Airborne precautions must be implemented, isolate the patient or in some cases can be placed in the same room as someone who has the same disease. Must wear N-95 Mask, gown and gloves( always perform hand hygiene).

43
Q

Contact precautions: define

A

Direct or indirect contact with a patient and their environment including their room or objects in contact with the person that has an infection with an organisms transmitted fecal-orally

44
Q

C-diff, MRSA, wound or skin infections. What precaution? And proper PPE

A

Contact precautions.
PpE: hand hygiene, gloves , gowns and if contact with bodily secretions is possible wear a mask and eye protection.

45
Q

Syringes: proper disposal in the home?

A

Use a heavy plastic jug with a secure top to hold needles

46
Q

Nursing prevention for a patient on airborne precautions exhibiting symptoms of sensory deprivation?

A

1) providing visual stimulation such as tv or magazine.
2) encouraging conversations and social interaction with staff and visitors while wearing appropriate PPE
3) allowing personal items from home

47
Q

Sputum specimens: appropriate method of transport?

A

Container must be label with the patients name and medical record # , label must be placed on the container itself and not the lid ( once lid is removed it would be considered unlabeled). Both OSHA and CLIA require specimen be transported in a plastic bag marked biohazard

48
Q

Sterility: proper procedure when broken?

A

You must rectify the error. A scrub is begun again if the hands touch the sink. Sterile gloves are discarded and new gloves must be donned when any part of the gloves touches a non sterile area or item. Discard or put aside for resterilization any sterile supplies if they become contaminated

49
Q

Infection prevention: situation requiring additional teaching ?

A

1) if a PT has pulmonary TB. Has been in isolation in a private room for ten days, has just told the nurse they feel rejected because everyone that comes in the room wears a mask. Nurse should educate pt on the importance of wearing masks and mode of transmission.

50
Q

Most common occupational disorder in nurses?

A

Back injuries from lifting and twisting

51
Q

Method of transfer from bed to wheelchair?

A

1) patient must be sitting. Allow patient to sit for a few moments in case they feel dizzy.place nonskid shoes or socks.
2) always perform hand hygiene
3) place W/C parallel to side of the bed. Make sure is lock. Lower bed and side rail if elevated.
4) support pt shoulders w/one arm and w/ the other arm at the pt thighs, help them sit up, move the legs over the edge of the bed and help them move forward on bed until feet rest on floor and allow legs to dangle.
5) place gait belt before transferring.

52
Q

Teaching for moving a heavy patient?

A

Use your legs; keep your back straight and use your legs to lift, avoid twisting, bending forward or overreaching. Always ask for help.

53
Q

PROM: when to use ?

A

When a patient is unable or not permitted to move a body part on their own.

It prevents contractures or skin pressure ulcers. Helps support circulation as well.

54
Q

Sim’s position; when to utilize?

A

Variation of the side-lying position . Used for rectal examinations, administrating enemas and for an unconscious Patient.

55
Q

Proper alignment in an immobile patient ?

A

1) reposition the patient every 2 hours to avoid pressure sores.
2) ensure their head and neck are in line w/their spine, keep arms relaxed at their side and maintain a neutral spine position, use pillows strategically to support body curves.

56
Q

Shearing force: define & example of ?

A

Is an applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin. EX; when a pt slides down in a chair, bed clothes are pulled from beneath the patient.

57
Q

Proper positioning post spinal surgery?

A

The supine position with a pillow beneath the knees

58
Q

Contracture prevention post CVA?

A

1) gentle stretching of the affected muscles
2) gentle range of motion exercises
3) reposition patient

59
Q

Helps to ambulate or transfer the weak or unsteady patient

A

Gait belt

60
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of the movement of body parts

61
Q

Proper body mechanics

A

1) provides stability
2) keep feet approximately shoulder-width apart
3) use smooth , coordinated movements
4) keep loads close to the body; near the center of gravity
5) avoid jerking or sudden pulling movements.

62
Q

Part of the supine position; improves cardiac output, promotes urinary and bowel elimination

A

The Fowler’s position

63
Q

HOB: 60-90 degrees

A

Fowler’s

64
Q

HOB: 30-45

A

Semi-fowler’s

65
Q

HOB; 15-30

A

Low-Fowler’s

66
Q

Proper hygiene for an older adult ?

A

Proper hygiene of the skin, hair , teeth and nails protects body from infection and disease

67
Q

Important consideration regarding hygiene needs of patients?

A

1) skin condition
2) overall physical appearance
3) emotional and mental status
4) learning needs

68
Q

Risk factors for pressure injury development and areas needing frequent assessment for prevention?

A

1) a pressure injury forms from a local interference with circulation.
2) skin blanches or becomes pales
3) perform skin assessment for pressure injury
4) reassess every 24 hours

69
Q

Oral care for unconscious patient ?

A

1) provide full care every 4 hours
2) remove any dry secretions
3) perform moist swabbing every 2 hours or as needed
5) explain procedure as some unconscious patients may still be able to hear

70
Q

Skin care for pt w/ dermatitis

A

Moisturizing, cleansing, bathing additives, diet and supplements

71
Q

Perineal care: for males

A

1) provide privacy
2)place under pad underneath to perineum to protect mattress, wash area thoroughly , rinse well and pat dry carefully
3) for uncircumcised; retract foreskin and clean head of penis, rinse and reposition foreskin, lift scrotum and clean area well, if catheter is in place carefully wash around it with soap and water.
4) dry penis and scrotum& remove under pad

72
Q

Denture care& oral care for unconscious pt

A

1) dentures should be cleaned to prevent irritation of the gums and infection
2)care should be provided in morning and at bedtime
3) when not in mouth dentures should be kept in a labeled denture container w/water or normal saline

73
Q

Shaving procedure

A

1) hold a safety razor at a 30-45 degree angle in dominant hand and carefully pull patient skin w/ your other hand
2)rinse every two to three strokes and use downward strokes for upper lip area
3) for patient at risk of bleeding only an electric razor should be used

74
Q

Nail care

A

1) trimming & cleaning under the nails and cuticle care are usually done w/ the bath
2) soak nails in warm soapy water
3) use orange wood sticks to clean under nails
4) push cuticles back gently
5) use nail clippers to cut toenails straight across

Fundamentals Exam 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions