Fundamentals Concepts

Question 1

Other term for food code

Answer 1

Codex Alimentarius

Question 2

It was a food standard develop to harmonized international food standards, which protect consumer health and promote fair practices
in food trade.

Answer 2

Codex Alimentarius or “Food Code”

Question 3

What organization established Codex Alimentarius or “Food Code”, (2) and what year?

Answer 3

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1963

Question 4

It is to ensure the safety, efficacy or quality of health products as defined by RA No. _____, which include food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic reagents, radiation-emitting devices or equipment, and household/urban hazardous substances, including pesticides and toys, or consumer products that may have an effect on health which require regulations as determined by the FDA

Answer 4

FDA Mandate, RA No. 97111

Question 5

Name of RA No. 10611

Answer 5

Food Safety Act of 2013

Question 6

Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared or eaten according to its intended use.

Answer 6

Food Safety

Question 7

Food safety in various stages (8)

Answer 7

Harvest, Manufacturing, Processing, Handling, Packaging, Distribution, Marketing, Food Preparation

Question 8

Concept of Farm-to-Table Food Safety (In, Out, Result)

Answer 8

In - Safe raw food product for production
Out - Safe processed food product
Result - Safe food on table

Question 9

3 objectives of Food Safety Act

Answer 9

Protection, Confidence, Economic growth

Question 10

What date is Food Safety Day?

Answer 10

June 7

Question 11

What group of people should work together ensure food safety?

Answer 11

Food business operator and government

Question 12

Degree to which a food meets expectations

Answer 12

Food Quality

Question 13

Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared or eaten according to its intended use.

Answer 13

Food Safety

Question 14

Intentional adulteration of food for financial
gain

Answer 14

Food Fraud

Question 15

Activities associated with protecting the
food supply from deliberate or intentional
acts of contamination or tampering

Answer 15

Food Defense

Question 16

Defining the Public Health Threat of
Food Fraud

Answer 16

Model

Question 17

Examples of Food Fraud

Answer 17

Substitution, concealment, mislabeling, gray market production/theft/diversion, unapproved enhancements, counterfeiting, dilution

Question 18

Spectrum of Food Contamination

Answer 18

• Accidental contamination
• Disgruntled employees / sabotage
• Economically motivated adulteration
• Counterfeit/ Diversion/ Tampering
• Intentional contamination

Question 19

Top adulterated ingredients

Answer 19

• Olive oil –extra-virgin—diluted with cheaper olive oils or other vegetable oils
• Milk
• Honey –with sugar cane, corn syrup
• Saffron –with beets, pomegranate fibers, red-dyed silk fibers
• Orange juice –with orange pulpwash, turmeric
• Coffee –with roaster soy/wheat
• Apple juice –with pear juice, corn syrups
• Balsamic vinegar –with distilled vinegar

Question 20

Ethylene oxide was found in what food item, and what level?

Answer 20

Lucky Me! Pancit Canton Kalamansi, level below the EU acceptable level of 0.02 mg/kg

Question 21

It is a gas used to disinfect spices that are potentially contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella in New Zealand, the United States, and Canada.

Answer 21

Ethylene oxide (ETO)

Question 22

The use of ETO on food products has been prohibited in what community?

Answer 22

European Community

Question 23

Alternative treatment to ETO fumigation of spices

Answer 23

food irradiation

Question 24

It is a volatile gas, and it dissipates rapidly
during the first few days after treatment. After several months, its levels become non-detectable in treated spices.

Answer 24

Ethylene oxide (ETO)

Question 25

ETO fumigated spices are in the form of less
toxic breakdown products

Answer 25

ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) or ethylene bromohydrin (EBH)

Question 26

The United States has an MRL for ETO of __
ppm. Canadian legislation contains a
permission for the breakdown product, ECH,
of ____ ppm in spices.

Answer 26

50; 1500

Question 27

In what year that the International Agency for Research on Cancer upgraded the status of ETO from a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic in humans) to a Group 1 carcinogen (known to be carcinogenic in humans).

Answer 27

1997

Question 28

The contribution of any cancer risk from the
consumption of low levels of ETO residues in spices is _____________________ due to the very small exposures involved (USEPA and WHO).

Answer 28

unlikely to be significant

Question 29

The level of ETO in treated spices __________ with time due to volatility and chemical reactions to form more stable products.

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

Most ETO ________ react with available chloride or bromide to ECH or EBH.

Answer 30

residue

Question 31

ETO on Processed Food
- ETO levels are significantly ____ than primary
spice products.

Answer 31

less

Question 32

Freezing would also assist the dissipation of
ETO. (True of False)

Answer 32

False (Freezing –> Cooking)

Question 33

Volume of spice used in a finished food
product is often _____.

Answer 33

minor

Question 34

It takes about ______ crocus blossoms or _______ stigmas to yield just a pound of saffron. (That’s a football field’s worth of crocuses.) The wholesale price of a pound of saffron can vary from as little as $500 to as much as $5,000, with retail prices anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000 per pound.

Answer 34

70,000; 210,000

Question 35

Intentional Contamination (Tampering), what food item?

Answer 35

Baby food (US glass scare of 1986)

Question 36

Intentional Contamination (Domestic Terrorism)

Answer 36

Activist groups, Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and Animal Liberation Front (ALF), represent a domestic terrorist concern in the US.
1997 - ELF & ALF claimed responsibility for arson of a Cavel West meat packing plant; est cost was $1 million
2001 - ELF claimed responsibility for setting fire to a cotton gin owned by Delta & Pine Land Company (largest transgenic cotton seller in the US)
2002 - ELF claimed responsibility for planting plastic bottles containing flammable liquid at a Mountain Spring Water Company
2005/2006 - ALF targeted fast-food chains (McDonald & Kentucky Fried Chicken) using arson and vandalism for destruction of property.

Question 37

Intentional Contamination (ForeignTerrorism)

Answer 37

When US troops entered the caves and safe houses of members of the Qaeda terrorist network in Afghanistan .

Question 38

Intentional Contamination (Counterfeiting / Diversion)

Answer 38

In 1995, a wholesale grocery business was manufacturing, packaging, and distributing counterfeit infant formula throughout California.

Question 39

Intentional Contamination (Disgruntled Employees)

Answer 39

In 2003, a supermarket employee mixed a nicotine-based insecticide into meat in an attempt to get his supervisor in trouble.

Question 40

Melamine Scandal

Answer 40

Addition of melamine into milk and powdered infant formula