Fundamentals Concepts Flashcards
Other term for food code
Codex Alimentarius
It was a food standard develop to harmonized international food standards, which protect consumer health and promote fair practices
in food trade.
Codex Alimentarius or “Food Code”
What organization established Codex Alimentarius or “Food Code”, (2) and what year?
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1963
It is to ensure the safety, efficacy or quality of health products as defined by RA No. _____, which include food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic reagents, radiation-emitting devices or equipment, and household/urban hazardous substances, including pesticides and toys, or consumer products that may have an effect on health which require regulations as determined by the FDA
FDA Mandate, RA No. 97111
Name of RA No. 10611
Food Safety Act of 2013
Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared or eaten according to its intended use.
Food Safety
Food safety in various stages (8)
Harvest, Manufacturing, Processing, Handling, Packaging, Distribution, Marketing, Food Preparation
Concept of Farm-to-Table Food Safety (In, Out, Result)
In - Safe raw food product for production
Out - Safe processed food product
Result - Safe food on table
3 objectives of Food Safety Act
Protection, Confidence, Economic growth
What date is Food Safety Day?
June 7
What group of people should work together ensure food safety?
Food business operator and government
Degree to which a food meets expectations
Food Quality
Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared or eaten according to its intended use.
Food Safety
Intentional adulteration of food for financial
gain
Food Fraud
Activities associated with protecting the
food supply from deliberate or intentional
acts of contamination or tampering
Food Defense
Defining the Public Health Threat of
Food Fraud
Model
Examples of Food Fraud
Substitution, concealment, mislabeling, gray market production/theft/diversion, unapproved enhancements, counterfeiting, dilution
Spectrum of Food Contamination
- Accidental contamination
- Disgruntled employees / sabotage
- Economically motivated adulteration
- Counterfeit/ Diversion/ Tampering
- Intentional contamination
Top adulterated ingredients
- Olive oil –extra-virgin—diluted with cheaper olive oils or other vegetable oils
- Milk
- Honey –with sugar cane, corn syrup
- Saffron –with beets, pomegranate fibers, red-dyed silk fibers
- Orange juice –with orange pulpwash, turmeric
- Coffee –with roaster soy/wheat
- Apple juice –with pear juice, corn syrups
- Balsamic vinegar –with distilled vinegar
Ethylene oxide was found in what food item, and what level?
Lucky Me! Pancit Canton Kalamansi, level below the EU acceptable level of 0.02 mg/kg
It is a gas used to disinfect spices that are potentially contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella in New Zealand, the United States, and Canada.
Ethylene oxide (ETO)
The use of ETO on food products has been prohibited in what community?
European Community
Alternative treatment to ETO fumigation of spices
food irradiation
It is a volatile gas, and it dissipates rapidly
during the first few days after treatment. After several months, its levels become non-detectable in treated spices.
Ethylene oxide (ETO)
ETO fumigated spices are in the form of less
toxic breakdown products
ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) or ethylene bromohydrin (EBH)
The United States has an MRL for ETO of __
ppm. Canadian legislation contains a
permission for the breakdown product, ECH,
of ____ ppm in spices.
50; 1500
In what year that the International Agency for Research on Cancer upgraded the status of ETO from a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic in humans) to a Group 1 carcinogen (known to be carcinogenic in humans).
1997
The contribution of any cancer risk from the
consumption of low levels of ETO residues in spices is _____________________ due to the very small exposures involved (USEPA and WHO).
unlikely to be significant
The level of ETO in treated spices __________ with time due to volatility and chemical reactions to form more stable products.
decreases
Most ETO ________ react with available chloride or bromide to ECH or EBH.
residue
ETO on Processed Food
- ETO levels are significantly ____ than primary
spice products.
less
Freezing would also assist the dissipation of
ETO. (True of False)
False (Freezing –> Cooking)
Volume of spice used in a finished food
product is often _____.
minor
It takes about ______ crocus blossoms or _______ stigmas to yield just a pound of saffron. (That’s a football field’s worth of crocuses.) The wholesale price of a pound of saffron can vary from as little as $500 to as much as $5,000, with retail prices anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000 per pound.
70,000; 210,000
Intentional Contamination (Tampering), what food item?
Baby food (US glass scare of 1986)
Intentional Contamination (Domestic Terrorism)
Activist groups, Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and Animal Liberation Front (ALF), represent a domestic terrorist concern in the US.
1997 - ELF & ALF claimed responsibility for arson of a Cavel West meat packing plant; est cost was $1 million
2001 - ELF claimed responsibility for setting fire to a cotton gin owned by Delta & Pine Land Company (largest transgenic cotton seller in the US)
2002 - ELF claimed responsibility for planting plastic bottles containing flammable liquid at a Mountain Spring Water Company
2005/2006 - ALF targeted fast-food chains (McDonald & Kentucky Fried Chicken) using arson and vandalism for destruction of property.
Intentional Contamination (ForeignTerrorism)
When US troops entered the caves and safe houses of members of the Qaeda terrorist network in Afghanistan .
Intentional Contamination (Counterfeiting / Diversion)
In 1995, a wholesale grocery business was manufacturing, packaging, and distributing counterfeit infant formula throughout California.
Intentional Contamination (Disgruntled Employees)
In 2003, a supermarket employee mixed a nicotine-based insecticide into meat in an attempt to get his supervisor in trouble.
Melamine Scandal
Addition of melamine into milk and powdered infant formula
