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NRS 130 Test 7 BK > Fundamentals Chap 31 Med Adm > Flashcards

Fundamentals Chap 31 Med Adm Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the federal government’s role in the regulation of medication?

A
  • protects the health of the people by ensuring that medications are safe and effective
  • currently, the FDA ensures that all medications undergo vigorous testing before they are sold
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2
Q

What is the state government’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*conform to federal legislation but also have additional controls such as alcohol and tobacco

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3
Q

What is the health care institution’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*have individual policies to meet federal and state regulations

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4
Q

What is the nurse practice act’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*defines the scope of a nurse’s professional functions and responsibilities

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5
Q

What is a chemical name of medication?

A

*provides an exact description of the medication’s composition and molecular structure

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6
Q

What is a generic name?

A
  • created by the manufacturer who first develops the medication
  • this becomes the official name
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7
Q

What is a trade name?

A

*one that the manufacturer has trademarked to identify the particular version they manufacture

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8
Q

A medication classification indicates:

A

*the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or the medication’s desired effect

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9
Q

The form of the medication determines its:

A

*route of administration

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10
Q

Pharmacokinetics is:

A

*the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of auction, metabolize, and exit the body

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11
Q

Absorption is:

A

*refers to the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

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12
Q

Identify the factors that influence drug absorption:

A
  • route of administration
  • ability of the medication to dissolve
  • blood flow to the site of administration
  • body surface area
  • lipid solubility
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13
Q

Identify the factors that affect the rate and extent of medication distribution:

A
  • circulation
  • membrane permeability
  • protein binding
  • metabolism
  • excretion
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14
Q

Explain the role of metabolism:

A

*after a medication reaches its site of action, it becomes metabolized into a less active or inactive form that is easier to excrete

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15
Q

Identify the primary organ for drug excretion, and explain what happens if this organ’s function declines:

A
  • kidneys are the primary organ for drug excretion.

* when renal function declines, a pt is at risk for medication toxicity

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16
Q

Therapeutic effects of drugs:

A

*the expected or predictable physiological response to a medication

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17
Q

Side effects of drugs:

A

*predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects a medication predictably will cause

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18
Q

Adverse effects of drugs:

A

*unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to medication

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19
Q

Toxic effects of drugs:

A

*develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion

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20
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions of drugs:

A

*unpredictable effects in which a pt overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different from normal

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21
Q

Allergic reactions of drugs:

A

*unpredictable responses to a medication

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22
Q

Anaphylactic reactions of drugs:

A

*allergic reactions that are life threatening and characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shortness of breath

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23
Q

Medication interaction of drugs:

A
  • occurs when one medication modifies the action of another medication
  • it may alter the way another medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated from the body
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24
Q

Synergistic effect of drugs:

A

when the combined effect of the 2 medications is greater than the effect of the medications when given separately

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25
Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of medication dose responses:
*the plasma level of a medication below which the medication's effect will not occur
26
Peak concentration of medication dose responses:
*the highest serum level concentration
27
Trough concentration of medication dose responses:
*the lowest serum level concentration
28
Biological half-life of medication dose responses:
*the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half
29
Identify the 3 types of oral routes:
* oral * buccal * sublingual
30
List the 4 major sites for parenteral injections:
* intradermal * subcutaneous * intramuscular * intravenous
31
Identify 5 methods for applying medications to mucous membranes:
* directly applying a liquid or ointment * inserting a medication into a body cavity * instilling fluid into a body cavity * irrigating a body cavity * spraying
32
Identify the benefit of the inhalation route:
*readily absorbed and work rapidly because of the rich vascular alveolar capillary network present in the pulmonary tissue
33
Identify the 3 types of measurements used in medication therapy:
* metric * apothecary * household
34
A solution is:
*a given mass of solid substance dissolved in a known volume of fluid or a given volume of liquid dissolved in a known volume of another fluid
35
What is the formula used to determine the correct dose when preparing solid or liquid forms of medications?
*dose ordered/dose on hand x amount on hand = amount to administer
36
What is a verbal medication order?
*if the order is given verbally to the nurse by the provider
37
What is the standing or routine medication order?
*carried out until the prescriber cancels it by another order or until a prescribed number of days elapse
38
What is a prn medication order?
*a medication that is given only when a pt requires it
39
What is a single (one-time) medication order?
*given only once at a specified time
40
What is a STAT medication order?
*describes a single dose of a medication to be given immediately and only once
41
What is a now medication order?
* used when a pt needs a medication quickly but not right away * the nurse has up to 90 mins to administer
42
List the medication distribution systems:
* unit dose | * automated medication dispensing systems (AMDS)
43
Identify the common medication errors that can cause pt harm:
* inaccurate prescribing * administration of the wrong medicine * giving the medication using the wrong route or time interval * administering extra doses * failing to administer a medication
44
Identify the process for medication reconciliation:
* verify * clarify * reconcile * transmit
45
List the 6 rights of medication administration:
* right medication * right dose * right pt * right route * right time * right documentation
46
Briefly summarize *The Pt Care Partnership* related to medication administration:
* be informed of the medication's name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects * refuse a medication regardless of the consequences * have qualified nurses or physicians assess a medication history * be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and give written consent * receive labeled medications safely without discomfort * receive appropriate supportive therapy * not receive unnecessary medications * be informed if medications are a prat of a research study
47
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: epidural
*administered in the epidural space via a catheter, usually used for postoperative analgesia
48
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intrathecal
*via a catheter that is in the subarachnoid space or one of the ventricles of the brain
49
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraosseous
* administered directly into the bone marrow | * it is commonly used in infants and toddlers
50
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraperitoneal
* administered into the peritoneal cavity | * such as chemotherapeutic agents, insulin, and antibiotics
51
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intrapleural
* administered directly into the pleural space | * chemotherapeutics
52
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraarterial
*administered directly into the arteries
53
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intracardiac
*injected directly into the cardiac tissue
54
Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraarticular
*injected into a joint
55
Identify the areas the nurse needs to assess to determine the need for and potential response to medication therapy:
* history * history of allergies * medication data * diet history * pt's perceptual coordination problems * pt's current condition * pt's attitude about medication use * pt's knowledge and understanding of medication therapy * pt's learning needs
56
Identify 7 of the potential nursing diagnoses used during the administration of medications:
* anxiety * ineffective health maintenance * readiness for enhanced immunization status * deficient knowledge * noncompliance * effective therapeutic regimen management * impaired swallowing
57
Identify the outcomes for a pt with a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes:
* will verbalize understanding of desired effects and adverse effects of medications * will state signs, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycemia * will monitor blood sugar to determine if medication is appropriate to take * will establish a daily routine that will coordinate timing of medications with meal times
58
Identify factors that can influence the pt's compliance with the medication regimen:
* health beliefs * personal motivation * socioeconomic factors * habits
59
Identify the components of medication orders:
* pt's full name * date and time that the order is written * medication name * dose * route of administration * time and frequency of administration * signature of provider
60
The recording of medication includes:
* name of the medication * dose * route * exact time of administration * site
61
Explain the reasons why polypharmacy happens to a pt:
*when pts need to take several medications to treat their illnesses, take 2 or more medications from the same chemical class, use 2 or more medications with the same or similar actions or mix nutritional supplements or herbal products with medications, polypharmacy happens
62
Identify 2 goals for safe and effective mediation administration:
* pt responds to therapy | * pt has the ability to assume responsibility for self-care
63
Identify the precautions to take when administering any oral preparation to prevent aspiration:
* determine the pt's ability to swallow and cough and check for gag reflex * prepare oral medications in the form that is easiest to swallow * allow the pt to self administer medications if possible * if the pt has unilateral weakness, place the medication in the stronger side of the mouth * administer pills one at a time, ensuring that each medication is properly swallowed before the next one is introduced * thicken regular liquids or offer fruit nectars if the pt cannot tolerate thin liquids * avoid straws because they decrease the control the pt has over volume intake, which increases the risk of aspiration * have the pt hold the cup and drink it if possible * time medication to coincide with meal times or when the pt is well rested and awake if possible * administer medications using another route if risk of aspiration is severe
64
Identify the guidelines to ensure safe administration of transdermal or topical medications:
* document where the medication was placed in the MAR * assess if pt has an existing patch before application * medication history and reconciling medications * apply a noticeable label to the patch * document removal of medication on the MAR
65
The most common form of nasal instillation is:
*decongestant spray or drops
66
List 4 principles for administering eye instillations:
* avoid instilling any eye medication directly onto the cornea * avoid touching the eyelids or other eye * use medication only for the pt's affected eye * never allow a pt to use another pt's eye medication
67
Failure to instill ear drops at room temperature causes:
* vertigo * dizziness * nausea
68
Vaginal medications are available as:
* suppositories * foam * jellies * creams
69
Rectal suppositories are used for:
*exerting local effects (promoting defecation) or systemic effect (reducing nausea)
70
Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs):
*delivers a measured dose of medication with each push of a canister often used with a spacer
71
Breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers (BAIs):
*releases medication when a pt raises a level and then inhales
72
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
*hold dry, powdered medications and create an aerosol when the pt inhales through a reservoir that contains the medication

NRS 130 Test 7 BK (4 decks)

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