Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRS 130 Test 7 BK > Fundamentals Chap 31 Med Adm > Flashcards

Fundamentals Chap 31 Med Adm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the federal government’s role in the regulation of medication?

A
  • protects the health of the people by ensuring that medications are safe and effective
  • currently, the FDA ensures that all medications undergo vigorous testing before they are sold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the state government’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*conform to federal legislation but also have additional controls such as alcohol and tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the health care institution’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*have individual policies to meet federal and state regulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nurse practice act’s role in the regulation of medication?

A

*defines the scope of a nurse’s professional functions and responsibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a chemical name of medication?

A

*provides an exact description of the medication’s composition and molecular structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a generic name?

A
  • created by the manufacturer who first develops the medication
  • this becomes the official name
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a trade name?

A

*one that the manufacturer has trademarked to identify the particular version they manufacture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A medication classification indicates:

A

*the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or the medication’s desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The form of the medication determines its:

A

*route of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharmacokinetics is:

A

*the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of auction, metabolize, and exit the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absorption is:

A

*refers to the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify the factors that influence drug absorption:

A
  • route of administration
  • ability of the medication to dissolve
  • blood flow to the site of administration
  • body surface area
  • lipid solubility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify the factors that affect the rate and extent of medication distribution:

A
  • circulation
  • membrane permeability
  • protein binding
  • metabolism
  • excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the role of metabolism:

A

*after a medication reaches its site of action, it becomes metabolized into a less active or inactive form that is easier to excrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify the primary organ for drug excretion, and explain what happens if this organ’s function declines:

A
  • kidneys are the primary organ for drug excretion.

* when renal function declines, a pt is at risk for medication toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Therapeutic effects of drugs:

A

*the expected or predictable physiological response to a medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side effects of drugs:

A

*predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects a medication predictably will cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adverse effects of drugs:

A

*unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Toxic effects of drugs:

A

*develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions of drugs:

A

*unpredictable effects in which a pt overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different from normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Allergic reactions of drugs:

A

*unpredictable responses to a medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anaphylactic reactions of drugs:

A

*allergic reactions that are life threatening and characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Medication interaction of drugs:

A
  • occurs when one medication modifies the action of another medication
  • it may alter the way another medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated from the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Synergistic effect of drugs:

A

when the combined effect of the 2 medications is greater than the effect of the medications when given separately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of medication dose responses:

A

*the plasma level of a medication below which the medication’s effect will not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peak concentration of medication dose responses:

A

*the highest serum level concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Trough concentration of medication dose responses:

A

*the lowest serum level concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Biological half-life of medication dose responses:

A

*the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Identify the 3 types of oral routes:

A
  • oral
  • buccal
  • sublingual
30
Q

List the 4 major sites for parenteral injections:

A
  • intradermal
  • subcutaneous
  • intramuscular
  • intravenous
31
Q

Identify 5 methods for applying medications to mucous membranes:

A
  • directly applying a liquid or ointment
  • inserting a medication into a body cavity
  • instilling fluid into a body cavity
  • irrigating a body cavity
  • spraying
32
Q

Identify the benefit of the inhalation route:

A

*readily absorbed and work rapidly because of the rich vascular alveolar capillary network present in the pulmonary tissue

33
Q

Identify the 3 types of measurements used in medication therapy:

A
  • metric
  • apothecary
  • household
34
Q

A solution is:

A

*a given mass of solid substance dissolved in a known volume of fluid or a given volume of liquid dissolved in a known volume of another fluid

35
Q

What is the formula used to determine the correct dose when preparing solid or liquid forms of medications?

A

*dose ordered/dose on hand x amount on hand = amount to administer

36
Q

What is a verbal medication order?

A

*if the order is given verbally to the nurse by the provider

37
Q

What is the standing or routine medication order?

A

*carried out until the prescriber cancels it by another order or until a prescribed number of days elapse

38
Q

What is a prn medication order?

A

*a medication that is given only when a pt requires it

39
Q

What is a single (one-time) medication order?

A

*given only once at a specified time

40
Q

What is a STAT medication order?

A

*describes a single dose of a medication to be given immediately and only once

41
Q

What is a now medication order?

A
  • used when a pt needs a medication quickly but not right away
  • the nurse has up to 90 mins to administer
42
Q

List the medication distribution systems:

A
  • unit dose

* automated medication dispensing systems (AMDS)

43
Q

Identify the common medication errors that can cause pt harm:

A
  • inaccurate prescribing
  • administration of the wrong medicine
  • giving the medication using the wrong route or time interval
  • administering extra doses
  • failing to administer a medication
44
Q

Identify the process for medication reconciliation:

A
  • verify
  • clarify
  • reconcile
  • transmit
45
Q

List the 6 rights of medication administration:

A
  • right medication
  • right dose
  • right pt
  • right route
  • right time
  • right documentation
46
Q

Briefly summarize The Pt Care Partnership related to medication administration:

A
  • be informed of the medication’s name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects
  • refuse a medication regardless of the consequences
  • have qualified nurses or physicians assess a medication history
  • be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and give written consent
  • receive labeled medications safely without discomfort
  • receive appropriate supportive therapy
  • not receive unnecessary medications
  • be informed if medications are a prat of a research study
47
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: epidural

A

*administered in the epidural space via a catheter, usually used for postoperative analgesia

48
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intrathecal

A

*via a catheter that is in the subarachnoid space or one of the ventricles of the brain

49
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraosseous

A
  • administered directly into the bone marrow

* it is commonly used in infants and toddlers

50
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraperitoneal

A
  • administered into the peritoneal cavity

* such as chemotherapeutic agents, insulin, and antibiotics

51
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intrapleural

A
  • administered directly into the pleural space

* chemotherapeutics

52
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraarterial

A

*administered directly into the arteries

53
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intracardiac

A

*injected directly into the cardiac tissue

54
Q

Define the advanced techniques of medication administration: intraarticular

A

*injected into a joint

55
Q

Identify the areas the nurse needs to assess to determine the need for and potential response to medication therapy:

A
  • history
  • history of allergies
  • medication data
  • diet history
  • pt’s perceptual coordination problems
  • pt’s current condition
  • pt’s attitude about medication use
  • pt’s knowledge and understanding of medication therapy
  • pt’s learning needs
56
Q

Identify 7 of the potential nursing diagnoses used during the administration of medications:

A
  • anxiety
  • ineffective health maintenance
  • readiness for enhanced immunization status
  • deficient knowledge
  • noncompliance
  • effective therapeutic regimen management
  • impaired swallowing
57
Q

Identify the outcomes for a pt with a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes:

A
  • will verbalize understanding of desired effects and adverse effects of medications
  • will state signs, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycemia
  • will monitor blood sugar to determine if medication is appropriate to take
  • will establish a daily routine that will coordinate timing of medications with meal times
58
Q

Identify factors that can influence the pt’s compliance with the medication regimen:

A
  • health beliefs
  • personal motivation
  • socioeconomic factors
  • habits
59
Q

Identify the components of medication orders:

A
  • pt’s full name
  • date and time that the order is written
  • medication name
  • dose
  • route of administration
  • time and frequency of administration
  • signature of provider
60
Q

The recording of medication includes:

A
  • name of the medication
  • dose
  • route
  • exact time of administration
  • site
61
Q

Explain the reasons why polypharmacy happens to a pt:

A

*when pts need to take several medications to treat their illnesses, take 2 or more medications from the same chemical class, use 2 or more medications with the same or similar actions or mix nutritional supplements or herbal products with medications, polypharmacy happens

62
Q

Identify 2 goals for safe and effective mediation administration:

A
  • pt responds to therapy

* pt has the ability to assume responsibility for self-care

63
Q

Identify the precautions to take when administering any oral preparation to prevent aspiration:

A
  • determine the pt’s ability to swallow and cough and check for gag reflex
  • prepare oral medications in the form that is easiest to swallow
  • allow the pt to self administer medications if possible
  • if the pt has unilateral weakness, place the medication in the stronger side of the mouth
  • administer pills one at a time, ensuring that each medication is properly swallowed before the next one is introduced
  • thicken regular liquids or offer fruit nectars if the pt cannot tolerate thin liquids
  • avoid straws because they decrease the control the pt has over volume intake, which increases the risk of aspiration
  • have the pt hold the cup and drink it if possible
  • time medication to coincide with meal times or when the pt is well rested and awake if possible
  • administer medications using another route if risk of aspiration is severe
64
Q

Identify the guidelines to ensure safe administration of transdermal or topical medications:

A
  • document where the medication was placed in the MAR
  • assess if pt has an existing patch before application
  • medication history and reconciling medications
  • apply a noticeable label to the patch
  • document removal of medication on the MAR
65
Q

The most common form of nasal instillation is:

A

*decongestant spray or drops

66
Q

List 4 principles for administering eye instillations:

A
  • avoid instilling any eye medication directly onto the cornea
  • avoid touching the eyelids or other eye
  • use medication only for the pt’s affected eye
  • never allow a pt to use another pt’s eye medication
67
Q

Failure to instill ear drops at room temperature causes:

A
  • vertigo
  • dizziness
  • nausea
68
Q

Vaginal medications are available as:

A
  • suppositories
  • foam
  • jellies
  • creams
69
Q

Rectal suppositories are used for:

A

*exerting local effects (promoting defecation) or systemic effect (reducing nausea)

70
Q

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs):

A

*delivers a measured dose of medication with each push of a canister often used with a spacer

71
Q

Breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers (BAIs):

A

*releases medication when a pt raises a level and then inhales

72
Q

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)

A

*hold dry, powdered medications and create an aerosol when the pt inhales through a reservoir that contains the medication

NRS 130 Test 7 BK (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions