fundamentals/aged client, dementia, delirium Flashcards
the four techniques used in physical assessment are…..
inspection, palpation, percussion, ausculation
Dementia vs. delerium. Which is chronic, and which one is acute?
deliriium is and acute change, and dementia is progressive and chronic.
delirium is charachterized as:
an acute disorder of attention and cognition.
Risk factors for delerium are:
immoblization (restraints), infection (esp. UTI), medical illnesses, alcohol or drug withdrawal, environmental influences (hospitalization), polypharmacy.
some signs and symptoms of delirium are:
mental confusion and excitement, disorientation to time and place (usually with illusions and hallucinations), memory impairment(esp. recent events), hyper alert or difficult to arouse, duration ranges from hours to days, symptoms fluctuate over the course of the day with periods of lucidity.
How would a nurse prevent a patient from becoming delerious?
As soon as you see an acute change, take vitals, assess, get data and call physician Doctor will give you orders and you take it from there. .
Loss of ability to speak is called?
aphasia
Dementia- the development of multiple cognitive deficits including memory impairment and at least one of the following…..
aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, amnesia, disturbed execution functioning.
inability to make purposeful movements is called..
apraxia
inability to recognize objects is….
agnosia
Disturbed executive functioning means a person has trouble……
planning, organizing abstracting
What are some changes that take place in the brain for alzheimer’s disease?
plaque build up, neutofibers deteriorate, the brain atrophies, brain actually shrinks.
The sixth leading cause of death is….
alzheimers
some over the counter meds. that have been shown to help alzheimers are…..
vitamin E (may reduce rate of functional decline), ginko biloba (seems capable of stabilizing and improving cognitive and social functioning) Anti-inflammatory drugs (studies show possibly some effect in delaying onset), statin drugs.(work on cholesterol and the plaque that collects in the brain.
The 2 most common fda meds used for alzheimers are…..
Aricept and Exelon
the young old category of elders is the ages of
65 to 75 years old
the old category is between the ages of
75 to 85
the old- old category is from ages
85 to 100 years old
elite old is the ages of
over 100 years old
A decrease in muscle fiber is called….
sarcopenia
A hump back is known as…
kyphosis
This is the cause of deposits of fat or lipids around the cornea of the eye
arcus senilis
hearing loss related to age is called
presbycusis
The inability to to focus or accomodate due to loss of flexiblilty of the lense of the eye is called….
presbyopia
Difficulty breathing is called…..
dyspnea
According to Havighurst’s activity theory, the best way to age is
stay active physically and mentally
The continuity theory proposes that…..
people maintain their values, habits, and behavior in old age
A dry mouth due to a decrease in saliva is called…
xerostomia
Is the subjective response experienced by the surviving loved ones called bereavement or mourning?
bereavment
The behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered is called….
mourning
Kubler-Ross’s stages of grieving are…..
senial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptancd
three types of grief that are considered normal or healthy are…
abbreviated grief, anticipatory grief, and disenfranchised grief (the emotions are felt privately just not expressed in public.
at which age does a child begin to accept that he or she will someday die?
9-12 years old
When a person has just died, does the nurse first check the blood pressure or apical pulse?
apical pulse, if there is no heart beat the client has died. The blood pressure may not be able to be heard on ausculation because it is very low..
The actions of the drug aricept are…..
it is a reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Its therapeutic effect in Alzheimer’s stems mainly from an increase in the concentration of acetylcholine through the reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase.
