Fundamentals Flashcards

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1
Q

IMPERATIVE - Speak!
[ hablar, comer, vivir ]
- usted, ustedes
- bring it to me

A

Start with ‘yo’ form of present, drop ‘o’ and add -e, -en for AR and -a, -an for ER/IR verbs.

  • hable, coma, viva, hablen, coman, vivan
  • traigamelo
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2
Q

IMPERATIVE - Speak!
[ hablar, comer, vivir ]
- tú (affirmative & negative) regulars
[ tener, decir, hacer, poner, venir, ir, ser, salir ]
- tú (affirmative) irregulars
- bring it to me

A
  • tú (affirm): habla, come, vive
  • tú (neg): no hables, no comas, no vivas
  • tener (ten), decir (di), hacer (haz), poner (pon), venir (ven), ir (ve), ser (sé), salir (sal)
  • tráemelo
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3
Q

CONDITIONAL - I would speak, I was probably speaking
[ hablar, comer, vivir ]
- yo, tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros, ellos
-would you pass the water?

A

Regulars: infinitive + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

  • hablaría, comerías, vivirían, hablaríamos
  • ¿Podrías pasar el agua?
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4
Q

CONDITIONAL - I would speak, I was probably speaking
[ decir, poder, tener, venir, poner, salir, querrer, saber, hacer, haber, caber, valer ]
- irregulars

A
  • decir (diría), poder (podría), tener (tendría), venir (vendría), poner (pondría), salir (saldría), querrer (querría), saber (sabría), hacer (haría), haber (habría), caber (cabría), valer (valdría)
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5
Q

FUTURE - I will speak, I shall speak
[ hablar, comer, vivir ]
- yo, tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros, ellos

A

Regulars: infinitive + é, ás, á, emos, éis án

- hablaré, hablarás, comerá, comeremos, viviréis, vivirán

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6
Q

FUTURE - I will speak, I shall speak
[ decir, poder, tener, venir, poner, salir, querrer, saber, hacer, haber, caber, valer ]
- irregulars

A
  • decir (diré), poder (podré), tener (tendré), venir (vendré), poner (pondré), salir (saldré), querrer (querré), saber (sabré), hacer (haré), haber (habré), caber (cabré), valer (valdré)
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7
Q

PERFECT FUTURE - I will have spoken (by tomorrow)

[ hablar, comer, vivir ]

A

future of haber + past participle

- habré hablado, habrán comido, habremos vivido

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8
Q

PERFECT CONDITIONAL - I would have spoken (but I was sick)

[ hablar, comer, vivir ]

A

habría + past participle

habría salido, habría sido, habríamos

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9
Q
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE - I doubt that you are going to Peru
[ hablar, comer, vivir ]
- when I have money, I will buy a car
- they should end the wars
- we need new building construction
A
Regulars:
ar: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
er/ir: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
- Cuando tenga dinero, compraré un coche
- ¡Que se acaben las guerras!
- ¡Necesitamos que construyan nuevas edificios!
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10
Q

IMPERATIVE - Speak!
[ hablar, comer, vivir, ir ]
- vosotros (affirmative & negative)

A

vosotros (affirm): drop the infinitive -r, add a -d
- hablad, comed, vivid, idos
vosotros (neg - uses present subjunctive): no habléis, no comáis, no viváis

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11
Q

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE - I doubt that you are going to Peru
[ saber, hacer, haber, ir, ser, estar, dar (+tu), ver, querer (+nos), poder (+nos), tener, pedir, decir ]
-irregulars

A
  • saber (sepa), hacer (haga), haber (haya), ir (vaya), ser (sea), estar (esté, estemos), dar (dé, des), ver (vea), querer (quiera, queramos), poder (pueda, podamos), tener (tenga), pedir (pida), decir (diga)
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