Fundamentals 2 Lab Exam Flashcards
Other patients that benefit from lung ex-
pansion therapy to prevent atelectasis
and infection include those who have dif-
ficulty taking deep breaths without assis-
tance including:
Obese patients
Patients with neuromuscular disorders
Patients under heavy sedation
What is the purpose of incentive spirom-
etry?
To coach the patient to take a sustained
maximal inspiratory (SMI) effort resulting
in a decrease in PAL and maintain the
patency of airways at risk for closure.
What are the steps to perform IS?
(4) Patient should hold maximum inspi-
ration for 5 to 10 seconds and the RT
should record the volume of air reached
after allowing
What are contraindications to IS?
Patient cooperation is absent, or patient
is unable to understand or
demonstrate proper use of device
What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of IS?
Discomfort secondary to inadequate
pain control
Pulmonary barotrauma
What are Potential Outcomes of Incen-
tive Spirometry?
Normal or improved chest x-ray
Increased SpO2
Increased VC
What is Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)?
Provides breathing support to patients
with inadequate ability to ventilate
What is the purpose of NIV?
Lung expansion therapy
What are the different types of NIV?
IPPB, CPAP, HFNC, and PEP Therapy
How often do you perform IPPB?
Approximately 15 minutes per treatment
What are the indications for IPPB?
Periodic sessions of positive pressure
ventilation provided noninvasively in the
treatment of pulmonary complications or
exacerbations of
lung disease
What are the contraindications to IPPB?
Nausea
What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of IPPB?
Discomfort secondary to inadequate
pain control
Pulmonary barotrauma
What are some Potential Outcomes of
IPPB?
Normal or improved chest x-ray
Increased SpO2
Increased VC
What is the purpose of Continuous Pos-
itive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?
Elevates and maintains high alveolar
and airway pressures throughout the full
breathing cycle to increase PAL gradient
throughout both inspiration and expira-
tion
What are contraindications for CPAP?
Active hemoptysis
Nausea
What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions?
Nosocomial infection
Gastric distension
Hypoventilation
What are some Potential Outcomes of
Enhanced cough and secretion clear-
ance
CPAP?
Improved chest x-ray
What is the purpose of High flow nasal
cannula (HFNC)?
Has larger prongs allowing higher oxy-
gen flow rates. In addition, the gas is
also heated and humidified before being
delivered to the patient providing a higher
level of comfort
What are some indications of HFNC?
Provides a more stable FiO2 and en-
hanced flow washes out the CO2
What are some contraindications of
HFNC?
Hypercarbic respir atory failure
Inability to protect the airway
Unable to tolerate high flow
What is the purpose of PAP Therapy
(PEP Therapy)?
Mimics the maneuver of pursed-lip
breathing by presenting expiratory
resistance either through a flow or
threshold resistor, and an elongated ex-
piratory
phase.
What are indications for PEP therapy?
Used for patients that have atelectasis or
have breathlessness
What are some contraindications of PEP
therapy?
Untreated pneumothorax
Other contraindications similar to other
lung expansion therapies
What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of PEP thera-
py?
Hyperventilation
Dizziness
Tingling in the extremities
Light-headedness
