Fundamentals 2 Lab Exam

Question 1

Other patients that benefit from lung ex-
pansion therapy to prevent atelectasis
and infection include those who have dif-
ficulty taking deep breaths without assis-
tance including:

Answer 1

Obese patients
Patients with neuromuscular disorders
Patients under heavy sedation

Question 2

What is the purpose of incentive spirom-
etry?

Answer 2

To coach the patient to take a sustained
maximal inspiratory (SMI) effort resulting
in a decrease in PAL and maintain the
patency of airways at risk for closure.

Question 3

What are the steps to perform IS?

Answer 3

(4) Patient should hold maximum inspi-
ration for 5 to 10 seconds and the RT
should record the volume of air reached
after allowing

Question 4

What are contraindications to IS?

Answer 4

Patient cooperation is absent, or patient
is unable to understand or
demonstrate proper use of device

Question 5

What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of IS?

Answer 5

Discomfort secondary to inadequate
pain control
Pulmonary barotrauma

Question 6

What are Potential Outcomes of Incen-
tive Spirometry?

Answer 6

Normal or improved chest x-ray
Increased SpO2
Increased VC

Question 7

What is Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)?

Answer 7

Provides breathing support to patients
with inadequate ability to ventilate

Question 8

What is the purpose of NIV?

Answer 8

Lung expansion therapy

Question 9

What are the different types of NIV?

Answer 9

IPPB, CPAP, HFNC, and PEP Therapy

Question 10

How often do you perform IPPB?

Answer 10

Approximately 15 minutes per treatment

Question 11

What are the indications for IPPB?

Answer 11

Periodic sessions of positive pressure
ventilation provided noninvasively in the
treatment of pulmonary complications or
exacerbations of
lung disease

Question 12

What are the contraindications to IPPB?

Answer 12

Nausea

Question 13

What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of IPPB?

Answer 13

Discomfort secondary to inadequate
pain control
Pulmonary barotrauma

Question 14

What are some Potential Outcomes of
IPPB?

Answer 14

Normal or improved chest x-ray
Increased SpO2
Increased VC

Question 15

What is the purpose of Continuous Pos-
itive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?

Answer 15

Elevates and maintains high alveolar
and airway pressures throughout the full
breathing cycle to increase PAL gradient
throughout both inspiration and expira-
tion

Question 16

What are contraindications for CPAP?

Answer 16

Active hemoptysis
Nausea

Question 17

What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions?

Answer 17

Nosocomial infection
Gastric distension
Hypoventilation

Question 18

What are some Potential Outcomes of

Answer 18

Enhanced cough and secretion clear-
ance

Question 19

CPAP?

Answer 19

Improved chest x-ray

Question 20

What is the purpose of High flow nasal
cannula (HFNC)?

Answer 20

Has larger prongs allowing higher oxy-
gen flow rates. In addition, the gas is
also heated and humidified before being
delivered to the patient providing a higher
level of comfort

Question 21

What are some indications of HFNC?

Answer 21

Provides a more stable FiO2 and en-
hanced flow washes out the CO2

Question 22

What are some contraindications of
HFNC?

Answer 22

Hypercarbic respir atory failure
Inability to protect the airway
Unable to tolerate high flow

Question 23

What is the purpose of PAP Therapy
(PEP Therapy)?

Answer 23

Mimics the maneuver of pursed-lip
breathing by presenting expiratory
resistance either through a flow or
threshold resistor, and an elongated ex-
piratory
phase.

Question 24

What are indications for PEP therapy?

Answer 24

Used for patients that have atelectasis or
have breathlessness

Question 25

What are some contraindications of PEP
therapy?

Answer 25

Untreated pneumothorax
Other contraindications similar to other
lung expansion therapies

Question 26

What are some Hazards/Complica-
tions/Adverse Reactions of PEP thera-
py?

Answer 26

Hyperventilation
Dizziness
Tingling in the extremities
Light-headedness