Fundamentals

Question 1

Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a liquid

Answer 1

Particles are close together but irregular. The particles are free to move.

Question 2

Describe the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in a gas

Answer 2

Particles are far apart and there are no forces between them. Energy is high. The particles move quickly and freely.

Question 3

Describe the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in a solid

Answer 3

Particles are close together and regularly packed. Energy is low. The particles vibrate around a fixed point.

Question 4

What happens when something condenses?

Answer 4

Condensation is the change of state when a substance cools from gas to liquid

Question 5

What happens when something evaporates?

Answer 5

Evaporation is the change of state when a substance heats up from liquid to gas

Question 6

What happens when something freezes?

Answer 6

Freezing is the change of state when a substance cools from liquid to solid

Question 7

What happens when something melts?

Answer 7

Melting is the change of state when a substance heats up from solid to liquid

Question 8

What is meant by the term compound?

Answer 8

A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically joined together in fixed proportions

Question 9

What is meant by the term element?

Answer 9

An element is a substance made of only one type of atom

Question 10

What is meant by the term mixture?

Answer 10

Different substances in the same space, but not chemically combined.

Question 11

What is meant by the term atom?

Answer 11

An atom is the smallest part of an element

Question 12

State the mass and charge of a neutron

Answer 12

Neutron: mass=1, charge =0

Question 13

State the mass and charge of a proton

Answer 13

Proton: mass=1, charge=+1

Question 14

State the mass and charge of an electron

Answer 14

Electron: mass=negligible, charge=-1

Question 15

State the particle that is found in the shells orbiting the nucleus

Answer 15

Electrons

Question 16

State the particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom

Answer 16

Protons and neutrons

Question 17

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 17

protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 18

What is a mass number?

Answer 18

Mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom

Question 19

What is an atomic number?

Answer 19

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom

Question 20

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 20

in order by atomic number

Question 21

On the Periodic table what is the meaning of the word Group?

Answer 21

A Group is a vertical column of similar elements

Question 22

On the Periodic Table what is the meaning of the word Period?

Answer 22

A Period is a horizontal row of elements

Question 23

If an element conducts electricity, is it typically a metal or a non-metal?

Answer 23

Metal

Question 24

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 24

On the left, reaching across the middle

Question 25

Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 25

At the top right, plus hydrogen

Question 26

Where are the transition metals on the Periodic Table?

Answer 26

In the middle

Question 27

What do each of the following state symbols represent: (s), (l), (g), (aq)

Answer 27

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

Question 28

Calculate the relative formula mass(Mr) of carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Answer 28

44

Question 29

What is meant by the term endothermic?

Answer 29

A reaction in which heat energy is taken in (surroundings get colder)

Question 30

What is meant by the term exothermic?

Answer 30

A reaction in which heat energy is given out (surroundings get hotter)